{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:18:24Z","timestamp":1761092304128,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1201","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sun Chieh Yeh Heart Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Purpose of the study<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Viral respiratory infections have been linked to fatal out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), yet the specific causes remain unclear, and the impact of individual viral infections is often confounded by local meteorological and environmental factors. This study aimed to investigate the independent effects of prevalent viral respiratory infections on the risk and causes of fatal OHCA in different age groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted negative binomial regression analyses to investigate the association between influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections, along with temperature, extreme weather alerts, and the air quality health index, with age- and cause-specific fatal out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) from the 2nd week of 2014 to the 17th week of 2020. The analysis covered three etiological categories (cardiovascular, respiratory, and non-cardiovascular non-respiratory) across three age groups (\u2264 64\u00a0years, 65\u201384\u00a0years, \u2265 85\u00a0years) in Hong Kong.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During this period, there were 41\u2009548 fatal OHCA cases in Hong Kong. Influenza was consistently associated with fatal OHCA across all etiologies and age groups, significantly impacting cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular non-respiratory causes more than respiratory causes (110.9, 66.8, and 17.4 per 1 million persons, respectively). Reduced healthcare-seeking behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic was linked to increased fatal OHCA across all ages and etiologies, except for respiratory causes. RSV showed no association with fatal OHCA in our population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Influenza is a significant independent risk factor for fatal OHCA across variouscauses and age groups, particularly affecting cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular non-respiratory outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/postmj\/qgaf057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T06:56:16Z","timestamp":1745823376000},"page":"1156-1165","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impacts of viral respiratory infections on segments of fatal out-of-hospital cardiac arrests"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Jo-Jo","family":"Hai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong , 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital , 1 Haiyuan First Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathy","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sai-Chak","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forsensic Pathology Service, Department of Health , 34 Victoria Road, Kennedy Town, Hong Kong SAR ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chin-Pang","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiu-Sun","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital , 130 Hip Wo St, Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lok-Yan","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Tuen Mun Hospital , 23 Tsing Chung Koon Road, Tuen Mun, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuet-Wong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital , 30 Gascoigne Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wai-Ling","family":"Poon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Ruttonjee Hospital , 266 Queen's Road East, Wan Chai, Hong Kong SAR ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4650-6704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ngai-Yin","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital , 2-10 Princess Margaret Hospital Road, Lai Chi Kok, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chu-Pak","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong , 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR 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Haiyuan First Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Research and Innovation, the University of Hong Kong , Key Laboratory Platform Building, Shenzhen Virtual University Park, No. 6 Yuexing Second Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Hong Kong-Guangdong Joint Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, the University of Hong Kong , 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Luogang District, Guangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102100071662100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.005716","article-title":"Multistate 5-year initiative to improve care for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: primary results from the HeartRescue project","volume":"6","author":"van Diepen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Heart 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