{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T15:06:10Z","timestamp":1786806370907,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The influence of climate change on infectious disease dynamics is a subject of interest, but it demands robust scientific evidence. This study explores the short-term and long-term relationships between meteorological factors and the incidence of scrub typhus (ST) in South Korea.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>From 2001 to 2018, data on meteorological conditions and weekly ST cases were sourced from national databases. A generalized additive model was used to visualize the relationship, while a generalized linear model was applied to measure the association\u2019s strength. Mean annual temperature change was used as a proxy for climate change in long-term analysis. Despite the small sample size, generalized and mixed-effect models were employed to minimize geographical effects.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The number of ST cases was linearly related to the mean temperature 13\u00a0weeks prior, above a threshold temperature of 13.3\u201318.5\u00b0C. A 0.1\u00b0C increase in mean temperature was associated with a 25% increase in ST cases (OR 1.25, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.29). In line with the short-term trend, the annual incidence of ST increased by 33% (OR 1.33, 95% CI: 1.26, 1.41) for every 0.1\u00b0C increase in annual mean temperature compared to the previous 30\u00a0years.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Higher mean temperatures during summer were associated with the increased ST cases in the following autumn. Annual mean temperature increases compared to 30\u00a0years ago were also associated with higher annual incidence of ST. These findings suggest that global warming has influenced the incidence of ST.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/postmj\/qgaf110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T10:27:15Z","timestamp":1756463235000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Temperature effect on scrub typhus incidence in South Korea: the projection for climate change"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3581-3672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donghee","family":"Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine , 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080 ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Seoul National University Hospital , 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon-Jung","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy , 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, National Cancer Center , 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si , Gyeonggi-do 10408,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9010-7271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun-Chul","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine , 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080 ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Human Systems Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine , 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080 ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine , 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080 ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082906270468400_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-025-02246-9","article-title":"A year above 1.5\u2009\u00b0C signals that earth is most probably within the 20-year period that will reach the Paris agreement limit","volume":"15","author":"Bevacqua","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Clim Chang"},{"key":"2025082906270468400_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.4415\/ANN_10_04_12","article-title":"Arthropod borne diseases in Italy: from a neglected matter to an emerging health problem","volume":"46","author":"Romi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Ist Super Sanita"},{"key":"2025082906270468400_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2019.04.005","article-title":"Emerging and re-emerging rickettsial infections","volume":"36","author":"Adem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"2025082906270468400_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0003814","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003814","article-title":"Urbanization of scrub typhus disease in South Korea","volume":"9","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2025082906270468400_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2010.12.012","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus in Korea, 2009","volume":"1","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Osong Public Health Res Perspect"},{"key":"2025082906270468400_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0474","article-title":"Effect of latitude and seasonal variation on scrub typhus, South Korea, 2001-2013","volume":"94","author":"Jeung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2025082906270468400_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofae631.1479","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae631.1479","article-title":"P-1298. 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