{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T14:28:48Z","timestamp":1769178528432,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1204","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018542","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24NSFSC1618"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24NSFSC1618"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018542","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25NSFSC2579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25NSFSC2579"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chengdu Medical Research Project","award":["2022291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022291"]}]},{"name":"Chengdu Medical Research Project","award":["2023618"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023618"]}]},{"name":"Key Projects of Chengdu University School of Clinical Medicine and Affiliated Hospital","award":["Y202202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y202202"]}]},{"name":"Chengdu University Research Initiation Programme","award":["2081923030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2081923030"]}]},{"name":"Innovation team project of Clinical Medical college & Affiliated hospital of Chengdu University","award":["CDFYCX202208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDFYCX202208"]}]},{"name":"Project of Sichuan provincial administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Longquanyi Talents Program"},{"name":"Academic Degree and Postgraduate Education Reform Project of Sichuan Province","award":["CDJGY2024006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDJGY2024006"]}]},{"name":"New Economy and Science and Technology Bureau of Chengdu Economic and Technological Development Zone","award":["2024LQRD0048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024LQRD0048"]}]},{"name":"Longquanyi Talent Program, Class C Innovative Talent Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous studies suggest acupuncture may be effective for various chronic conditions, but its impact on type 2 diabetes (T2DM) remains debated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effect of acupuncture on blood glucose-related outcome indicators in T2DM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched four databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) from inception to 3 July 2025 to identify randomised controlled trials that enrolled patients with T2DM and compared acupuncture and non-acupuncture. The analysis employed standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals and incorporated Prediction Intervals (PI) for each outcome. Subgroup analysis, meta-regression, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias evaluation were also performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty RCTs involved 1479 patients were included. The results demonstrated that the acupuncture group had significant reduction in FBG (SMD: -0.52; 95% CI:-0.91 to -0.13; P = 0.009), HbA1c (SMD:-0.76; 95% CI:-1.24 to -0.27; P = 0.002), 2hPG (SMD:-0.69; 95% CI:-1.00 to -0.39; P &amp;lt; 0.00001) and HOMA-IR (SMD:-1.72; 95% CI: -2.57 to -0.86; P &amp;lt; 0.0001), but not reveal statistically significant difference in insulin level (SMD:-1.16; 95% CI:-2.36 to 0.04; P = 0.06). The Hartung-Knapp adjustment showed consistent results, with the PI indicating potential variability in future studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acupuncture effectively reduces FBG, HbA1c, 2hPG, and HOMA-IR in patients with T2DM, but does not significantly affect insulin levels. Our study suggests that acupuncture may serve as a valuable complementary treatment for glycemic control in T2DM. Future research should focus on optimizing acupuncture protocols, assessing its long-term effects, and investigating the biological mechanisms behind its impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/postmj\/qgaf132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T11:57:10Z","timestamp":1754049430000},"page":"112-122","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of acupuncture for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Na","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University , No. 82, North Second Section of Second Ring Road, North Railway Station, Chengdu City, Sichuan 610081,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangya","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Basic Medicine , Chengdu University, No. 2025, Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu City, Sichuan 610081,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University , No. 82, North Second Section of Second Ring Road, North Railway Station, Chengdu City, Sichuan 610081,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University , No. 201, Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi City, Guizhou 563006,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingyu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University , No. 82, North Second Section of Second Ring Road, North Railway Station, Chengdu City, Sichuan 610081,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University , No. 82, North Second Section of Second Ring Road, North Railway Station, Chengdu City, Sichuan 610081,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University , No. 82, North Second Section of Second Ring Road, North Railway Station, Chengdu City, Sichuan 610081,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziyan","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University , No. 82, North Second Section of Second Ring Road, North Railway Station, Chengdu City, Sichuan 610081,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2113-3833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zheng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University , No. 82, North Second Section of Second Ring Road, North Railway Station, Chengdu City, Sichuan 610081,","place":["China"]},{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University , No. 2025, Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu City, Sichuan 610081,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University , No. 82, North Second Section of Second Ring Road, North Railway Station, Chengdu City, Sichuan 610081,","place":["China"]},{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University , No. 2025, Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu City, Sichuan 610081,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Itc81","DOI":"10.7326\/aitc202406180","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes","volume":"177","author":"Crawford","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119","article-title":"IDF diabetes atlas: global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045","volume":"183","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(23)01301-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"402","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2991\/jegh.k.191028.001","article-title":"Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes\u2014global burden of disease and forecasted trends","volume":"10","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110708","article-title":"Type II diabetes mellitus: a review on recent drug based therapeutics","volume":"131","author":"Padhi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref6","volume-title":"StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Copyright \u00a9 2025","author":"Van Hal","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035376","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1035376","article-title":"Effect and mechanism of acupuncture on Alzheimer's disease: a review","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829409","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.829409","article-title":"Comparison of efficacy of acupuncture-related therapy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"13","author":"Wan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deab272","article-title":"Effect of acupuncture and metformin on insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance: a three-armed randomized controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Wen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0000000000005860","article-title":"Advances in interventional therapies for painful diabetic neuropathy: a systematic review","volume":"134","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2012.189","article-title":"The vagus nerve and the inflammatory reflex--linking immunity and metabolism","volume":"8","author":"Pavlov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.13703\/j.0255-2930.20230705-k0002","article-title":"Acupotomy combined with metformin hydrochloride tablet for type 2 diabetes mellitus and its effect on serum inflammatory factors","volume":"44","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102985","article-title":"Effect of Zuo's warming Yang acupuncture therapy combined with lifestyle interventions on prediabetes: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"78","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2008.0107","article-title":"A single-blinded, randomized pilot study evaluating effects of electroacupuncture in diabetic patients with symptoms suggestive of gastroparesis","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969824","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/969824","article-title":"Electroacupuncture and rosiglitazone combined therapy as a means of treating insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"2013","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.13703\/j.0255-2930.2017.06.004","article-title":"Effect and postoperative reactions of acupoint catgut embedding for prediabetes","volume":"37","author":"Xue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref17","first-page":"330","article-title":"BO's abdominal acupuncture for obese type-2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2019.04.004","article-title":"Acupuncture for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-021-3450-2","article-title":"Effect and safety of acupuncture for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 randomised controlled trials","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Med"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-S002","article-title":"Standards of medical Care in Diabetes-2020","volume":"43","author":"Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","volume-title":"Fam Med Prim Care Rev","DOI":"10.5114\/fmpcr.2021.110370"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","volume-title":"Acupuncture Research","DOI":"10.13702\/j.1000-0607.2011.04.014"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref24","volume-title":"Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.13703\/j.0255-2930.20201104-0002","article-title":"Effect of acupuncture for regulating spleen and stomach on aspirin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"41","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu."},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcms.2019.02.003","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of acupuncture on blood glucose level among patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"6","author":"Kazemi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-025-00373-y","article-title":"The effects of an anti-inflammatory diet\u00a0alone or in combination with acupuncture on mental health, anthropometric indices, and metabolic status in diabetic patients with depression: a randomized, controlled clinical trial","volume":"15","author":"Irandoost","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrition & Diabetes"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcmed.2024.12.002","article-title":"Effects of needling at Sanyinjiao (SP6) acupuncture point on blood glucose levels and cardiovascular functions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized placebo-controlled study","volume":"7","author":"Priyadharshini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Digital Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2887","DOI":"10.12659\/msm.909733","article-title":"Acupuncture combined with hydrotherapy in diabetes patients with mild lower-extremity arterial disease: a prospective, randomized","volume":"24","author":"Qi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nonblinded Clinical Study Medical Science Monitor"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref30","first-page":"741","article-title":"Effects of acupuncture on mood and glucose metabolism in the patient of type 2 diabetes","volume":"27","author":"Shen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1089\/acu.2020.1457","article-title":"Acute effect of acupuncture on Glycemic control in type 2 diabetes measured by continuous glucose monitoring: a pilot study","volume":"33","author":"Vencio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medical Acupuncture"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref32","volume-title":"Chinese General Practice"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.13703\/j.0255-2930.20200329-k0001","article-title":"Acupuncture combined with western medication in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with angina pectoris of coronary heart disease: a randomized controlled study","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s11726-021-1235-y","article-title":"Effects of acupoint thread-embedding therapy on serum apelin and GLP-1 in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity due to dampness-heat encumbering spleen","volume":"19","author":"Bing-guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Acupunct Tuina Sci"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-024-01489-4","article-title":"Acupuncture-assisted lifestyle intervention improve the metabolic status and spontaneous brain activity of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a randomized, clinical trial","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","volume-title":"Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine","DOI":"10.13193\/j.archtcm.2010.07.218.zhengshy.040"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref37","volume-title":"Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232127","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1232127","article-title":"Comparative effects of acupuncture and metformin on insulin sensitivity in overweight\/obese and lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance: a post hoc analysis of a randomized trial","volume":"10","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2026012308321756000_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207574","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1207574","article-title":"Electroacupuncture treatment ameliorates metabolic disorders in obese ZDF rats by regulating liver energy metabolism and gut microbiota","volume":"14","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"}],"container-title":["Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/102\/1204\/112\/64521757\/qgaf132.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/102\/1204\/112\/64521757\/qgaf132.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T13:32:31Z","timestamp":1769175151000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article\/102\/1204\/112\/8276093"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1204","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/postmj\/qgaf132","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5473","1469-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5473","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]}}}