{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T13:26:52Z","timestamp":1771334812762,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1205","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81200858"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81200858"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31100801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31100801"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a 5% glucose solution compared to normal saline for treating frozen shoulder via shoulder joint hydraulic distension.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 100 participants were randomly assigned to either the 5% glucose group (1\u00a0ml compound betamethasone +4\u00a0ml 2% lidocaine +15\u00a0ml 5% glucose) or the saline group (1\u00a0ml compound betamethasone +4\u00a0ml 2% lidocaine +15\u00a0ml normal saline). Patients were assessed at 1, 4, and 12 weeks post-treatment using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, the Numerical Rating Scale for pain, and active range of motion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Substantial improvements were demonstrated by both treatment groups at all follow-up points (1, 4, and 12\u00a0weeks), as reflected by a decrease in Shoulder Pain and Disability Index score. However, the 5% glucose group showed significantly lower Shoulder Pain and Disability Index scores than the saline group at 4 and 12\u00a0weeks (P\u2009=\u20090.003 and P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05, respectively). This group also experienced significantly greater improvements in shoulder abduction at 4 weeks (P\u2009=\u20090.003) and extension at 12\u00a0weeks (P\u2009=\u20090.001) than the saline group. No significant differences were noted between the groups in Numerical Rating Scale scores or shoulder range of motion at other time points.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For patients with painful frozen shoulder lasting over a month, both treatments resulted in substantial pain relief and improved function. The 5% glucose solution produced more pronounced benefits at 4 and 12\u00a0weeks, particularly with regard to pain relief and increased shoulder mobility.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Key messages What is already known about this topic: Although extensive research has been conducted on frozen shoulder, the most effective treatment has yet to be identified. What does this study contribute: This is the first study to use a 5% glucose solution as the primary distending agent in shoulder joint hydraulic distension for frozen shoulder (FS), which is a novel approach not previously explored in the literature. How might this study affect research, practice or policy: This study provides a new clinical protocol for the treatment of frozen shoulder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/postmj\/qgaf157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T11:41:23Z","timestamp":1756640483000},"page":"247-253","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A comparison of the efficacy of 5% glucose and saline solution in shoulder joint hydraulic distension for the treatment of frozen shoulder"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2789-4044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingyu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology , 99 Huaihai Road West, Quanshan District, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu 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