{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T01:43:48Z","timestamp":1789177428965,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657843200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The larval stages of the cestode parasites belonging to the genus Echinococcus grow within internal organs of humans and a range of animal species. The resulting diseases, collectively termed echinococcoses, include major neglected tropical diseases of humans and livestock. Echinococcus larvae are outwardly protected by the laminated layer (LL), an acellular structure that is unique to this genus. The LL is based on a fibrillar meshwork made up of mucins, which are decorated by galactose-rich O-glycans. In addition, in the species cluster termed E. granulosus sensu lato, the LL features nano-deposits of the calcium salt of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6). The main purpose of our article is to update the immunobiology of the LL. Major recent advances in this area are (i) the demonstration of LL \u201cdebris\u201d at the infection site and draining lymph nodes, (ii) the characterization of the decoy activity of calcium InsP6 with respect to complement, (iii) the evidence that the LL mucin carbohydrates interact specifically with a lectin receptor expressed in Kupffer cells (Clec4F), and (iv) the characterization of what appear to be receptor-independent effects of LL particles on dendritic cells and macrophages. Much information is missing on the immunology of this intriguing structure: we discuss gaps in knowledge and propose possible avenues for research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/procel\/pwac023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T16:09:34Z","timestamp":1659110974000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Immunology of a unique biological structure: the <i>Echinococcus<\/i> laminated layer"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea Inmunolog\u00eda, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Qu\u00edmica) and C\u00e1tedra de Inmunolog\u00eda, Instituto de Qu\u00edmica Biol\u00f3gica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica , Montevideo, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anabella A","family":"Barrios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea Inmunolog\u00eda, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Qu\u00edmica) and C\u00e1tedra de Inmunolog\u00eda, Instituto de Qu\u00edmica Biol\u00f3gica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica , Montevideo, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leticia","family":"Grezzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea Inmunolog\u00eda, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Qu\u00edmica) and C\u00e1tedra de Inmunolog\u00eda, Instituto de Qu\u00edmica Biol\u00f3gica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica , Montevideo, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Mouhape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea Inmunolog\u00eda, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Qu\u00edmica) and C\u00e1tedra de Inmunolog\u00eda, Instituto de Qu\u00edmica Biol\u00f3gica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica , Montevideo, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen\u2019s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH8 9JU, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3829-066X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith E","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester M13 9NQ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Casaravilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea Inmunolog\u00eda, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Qu\u00edmica) and C\u00e1tedra de Inmunolog\u00eda, Instituto de Qu\u00edmica Biol\u00f3gica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica , Montevideo, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]]},"container-title":["Protein &amp; Cell"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/proteincell\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/procel\/pwac023\/44931663\/pwac023.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/proteincell\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/procel\/pwac023\/44931663\/pwac023.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T15:37:50Z","timestamp":1672760270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/proteincell\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/procel\/pwac023\/6645105"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/procel\/pwac023","relation":{},"ISSN":["1674-800X","1674-8018"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1674-800X","type":"print"},{"value":"1674-8018","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]]},"article-number":"pwac023"}}