{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T07:49:13Z","timestamp":1787730553601,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82388201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82388201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31701205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31701205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31801158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31801158"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFA0803500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFA0803500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2019-I2M-5-062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-I2M-5-062"]}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2022L3079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022L3079"]}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["3502ZCQXT2022003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3502ZCQXT2022003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin (LT) is a determinant of lethal anthrax. Its function in myeloid cells is required for bacterial dissemination, and LT itself can directly trigger dysfunction of the cardiovascular system. The interplay between LT and the host responses is important in the pathogenesis, but our knowledge on this interplay remains limited. Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine induced by bacterial infections. Since LT accumulates and cytokines, predominantly TNF, amass during B. anthracis infection, co-treatment of TNF\u2005+\u2005LT in mice was used to mimic in vivo conditions for LT to function in inflamed hosts. Bone marrow transplantation and genetically engineered mice showed unexpectedly that the death of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) rather than that of hematopoietic cells led to LT\u2005+\u2005TNF-induced lethality. Inhibition of p38\u03b1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling by LT in IECs promoted TNF-induced apoptosis and necroptosis of IECs, leading to intestinal damage and mouse death. Consistently, p38\u03b1 inhibition by LT enhanced TNF-mediated cell death in human colon epithelial HT-29 cells. As intestinal damage is one of the leading causes of lethality in anthrax patients, the IEC damage caused by LT\u2005+\u2005TNF would most likely be a mechanism underneath this clinical manifestation and could be a target for interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/procel\/pwad050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T17:03:05Z","timestamp":1697734985000},"page":"135-148","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Anthrax lethal toxin and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 synergize on intestinal epithelia to induce mouse death"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4134-3306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinhe","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7599-7231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teng","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7684-3923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2880-177X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yilong","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9234-5556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peipei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5592-4487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiahuai","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China"},{"name":"Research Unit of Cellular Stress of CAMS, Xiang\u2019an Hospital of Xiamen University, Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China"},{"name":"Laboratory Animal Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0936-7776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.6.2291","article-title":"Pathology of inhalational anthrax in 42 cases from the Sverdlovsk outbreak of 1979","volume":"90","author":"Abramova","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.04.015","article-title":"Anthrax toxin induces macrophage death by p38 MAPK inhibition but leads to inflammasome activation via ATP leakage","volume":"35","author":"Ali","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20031382","article-title":"Anthrax lethal factor-cleavage products of MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) kinases exhibit reduced binding to their cognate MAPKs","volume":"378","author":"Bardwell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3469","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.6.3469","article-title":"Cutting edge: innate immunity conferred by B cells is regulated by caspase-8","volume":"175","author":"Beisner","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1724","article-title":"Nalp1b controls mouse macrophage susceptibility to anthrax lethal toxin","volume":"38","author":"Boyden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16247","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.435545","article-title":"Diverse sequence determinants control human and mouse receptor interacting protein 3 (RIP3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) interaction in necroptotic signaling","volume":"288","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3120","article-title":"Ppm1b negatively regulates necroptosis through dephosphorylating Rip3","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.05.037","article-title":"Phosphorylation-driven assembly of the RIP1-RIP3 complex regulates programmed necrosis and virus-induced inflammation","volume":"137","author":"Cho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-017-0639-8","article-title":"Cytokine storm and sepsis disease pathogenesis","volume":"39","author":"Chousterman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau1208","article-title":"N-terminal degradation activates the NLRP1B inflammasome","volume":"364","author":"Chui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3859","article-title":"Eicosanoid storm in infection and inflammation","volume":"15","author":"Dennis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3608","article-title":"MK2 phosphorylation of RIPK1 regulates TNF-mediated cell death","volume":"19","author":"Dondelinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5364.734","article-title":"Proteolytic inactivation of MAP-kinase-kinase by anthrax lethal factor","volume":"280","author":"Duesbery","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.09.020","article-title":"RIP kinase-dependent necrosis drives lethal systemic inflammatory response syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Duprez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4966","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.8.4966","article-title":"Anthrax lethal toxin blocks MAPK kinase-dependent IL-2 production in CD4+ T cells","volume":"174","author":"Fang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)61218-7","article-title":"Bacillus anthracis edema toxin causes extensive tissue lesions and rapid lethality in mice","volume":"167","author":"Firoved","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.95.3.907-918.1968","article-title":"Purification and properties of in vitro-produced anthrax toxin components","volume":"95","author":"Fish","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v3.i1.20","article-title":"Anthrax: a disease of biowarfare and public health importance","volume":"3","author":"Goel","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3880337","article-title":"Quantitative pathology of inhalational anthrax I: quantitative microscopic findings","volume":"14","author":"Grinberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10400","article-title":"Caspase-8 regulates TNF-alpha-induced epithelial necroptosis and terminal ileitis","volume":"477","author":"Gunther","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2159","article-title":"Programmed necrosis: backup to and competitor with apoptosis in the immune system","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.05.021","article-title":"Receptor interacting protein kinase-3 determines cellular necrotic response to TNF-alpha","volume":"137","author":"He","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2015.139","article-title":"Gasdermin D is an executor of pyroptosis and required for interleukin-1 beta secretion","volume":"25","author":"He","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2020.100251","article-title":"Detection of necroptosis by phospho-MLKL immunohistochemical labeling","volume":"2","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"STAR Protoc"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-4-200602210-00009","article-title":"Systematic review: a century of inhalational anthrax cases from 1900 to 2005","volume":"144","author":"Holty","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1089\/hs.2015.0032","article-title":"Antitoxin treatment of inhalation anthrax: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Secur"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00497-16","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00497-16","article-title":"The MLKL channel in necroptosis is an octamer formed by tetramers in a dyadic process","volume":"37","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.05.003","article-title":"MK2 phosphorylates RIPK1 to prevent TNF-induced cell death","volume":"66","author":"Jaco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2002.6626","article-title":"TNF receptor 1, IL-1 receptor, and iNOS genetic knockout mice are not protected from anthrax infection","volume":"292","author":"Kalns","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7413","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M209279200","article-title":"Sensitizing anthrax lethal toxin-resistant macrophages to lethal toxin-induced killing by tumor necrosis factor-alpha","volume":"278","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2016.01.006","article-title":"Targeting p38 or MK2 enhances the anti-leukemic activity of Smac-Mimetics","volume":"29","author":"Lalaoui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2022.101517","article-title":"Immunostaining of phospho-RIPK3 in L929 cells, murine yolk sacs, ceca, and small intestines","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"STAR Protoc"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2010.10.004","article-title":"Anthrax toxin targeting of myeloid cells through the CMG2 receptor is essential for establishment of Bacillus anthracis infections in mice","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12510","article-title":"Key tissue targets responsible for anthrax-toxin-induced lethality","volume":"501","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01875-06","article-title":"Murine aerosol challenge model of anthrax","volume":"75","author":"Loving","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00023-06","article-title":"Detection of anthrax toxin in the serum of animals infected with Bacillus anthracis by using engineered immunoassays","volume":"13","author":"Mabry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3614","article-title":"p38(MAPK)\/MK2-dependent phosphorylation controls cytotoxic RIPK1 signalling in inflammation and infection","volume":"19","author":"Menon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2019.04.015","article-title":"The NLRP1 inflammasome: new mechanistic insights and unresolved mysteries","volume":"60","author":"Mitchell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI17991","article-title":"Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin induces TNF-\u03b1-independent hypoxia-mediated toxicity in mice","volume":"112","author":"Moayeri","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001222","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001222","article-title":"Inflammasome sensor Nlrp1b-dependent resistance to anthrax is mediated by caspase-1, IL-1 signaling and neutrophil recruitment","volume":"6","author":"Moayeri","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-091014-104523","article-title":"Anthrax pathogenesis","volume":"69","author":"Moayeri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.55.1.647","article-title":"Anthrax","volume":"55","author":"Mock","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-022-00868-z","article-title":"Roles of RIPK3 in necroptosis, cell signaling, and disease","volume":"54","author":"Morgan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2016.46","article-title":"RIPK3 deficiency or catalytically inactive RIPK1 provides greater benefit than MLKL deficiency in mouse models of inflammation and tissue injury","volume":"23","author":"Newton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.01.005","article-title":"Distinct effects of p38alpha deletion in myeloid lineage and gut epithelia in mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"138","author":"Otsuka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1073163","article-title":"Macrophage apoptosis by anthrax lethal factor through p38 MAP kinase inhibition","volume":"297","author":"Park","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6382","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.11.6382-6389.2004","article-title":"Cytokine response to infection with Bacillus anthracis spores","volume":"72","author":"Pickering","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2009.11.023","article-title":"Anthrax lethal toxin down-regulates type-IIA secreted phospholipase A(2) expression through MAPK\/NF-kappaB inactivation","volume":"79","author":"Raymond","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaau1330","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau1330","article-title":"Functional degradation: a mechanism of NLRP1 inflammasome activation by diverse pathogen enzymes","volume":"364","author":"Sandstrom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.04.002","article-title":"FADD and Caspase-8 regulate gut homeostasis and inflammation by controlling MLKL- and GSDMD-mediated death of intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"52","author":"Schwarzer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-005-0514-9","article-title":"Preventive and therapeutic effects of \u03b11-acid glycoprotein in mice infected with B. anthracis","volume":"140","author":"Shemyakin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.2.421","article-title":"Prophylactic and therapeutic effects of a monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 in experimental gram-negative shock","volume":"162","author":"Silva","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0807.020062","article-title":"Anthrax of the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"8","author":"Sirisanthana","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0054","first-page":"49","article-title":"Purification of factor I and recognition of a third factor of the anthrax toxin","volume":"26","author":"Stanley","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.051330","article-title":"Sepsis and pathophysiology of anthrax in a nonhuman primate model","volume":"169","author":"Stearns-Kurosawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201102-0209CI","article-title":"Anthrax infection","volume":"184","author":"Sweeney","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12884","article-title":"The NLRP1 and CARD8 inflammasomes","volume":"297","author":"Taabazuing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.1.257-260.1997","article-title":"Role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in pathogenesis of pneumococcal pneumonia in mice","volume":"65","author":"Takashima","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903114","article-title":"Cutting edge: resistance to Bacillus anthracis infection mediated by a lethal toxin sensitive allele of Nalp1b\/Nlrp1b","volume":"184","author":"Terra","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.44-5-716","article-title":"Pathology of inhalational anthrax infection in the African green monkey","volume":"44","author":"Twenhafel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"re4","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.3115re4","article-title":"The role of the kinases RIP1 and RIP3 in TNF-induced necrosis","volume":"3","author":"Vandenabeele","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2116415119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2116415119","article-title":"Bacillus anthracis induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation and caspase-8-mediated apoptosis of macrophages to promote lethal anthrax","volume":"119","author":"Van Hauwermeiren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.10.030","article-title":"IAP antagonists induce autoubiquitination of c-IAPs, NF-kappaB activation, and TNFalpha-dependent apoptosis","volume":"131","author":"Varfolomeev","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.10.037","article-title":"IAP antagonists target cIAP1 to induce TNFalpha-dependent apoptosis","volume":"131","author":"Vince","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2127-x","article-title":"Gut stem cell necroptosis by genome instability triggers bowel inflammation","volume":"580","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12232","article-title":"Circulating lethal toxin decreases the ability of neutrophils to respond to Bacillus anthracis","volume":"16","author":"Weiner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2014.77","article-title":"Distinct roles of RIP1-RIP3 hetero- and RIP3-RIP3 homo-interaction in mediating necroptosis","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-017-0022-y","article-title":"RIP3 targets pyruvate dehydrogenase complex to increase aerobic respiration in TNF-induced necroptosis","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-49-11-1003","article-title":"Role of bacterial capsule in local and systemic inflammatory responses of mice during pulmonary infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"49","author":"Yoshida","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-022-00909-7","article-title":"Rethinking sepsis after a two-year battle with COVID-19","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1172308","article-title":"RIP3, an energy metabolism regulator that switches TNF-induced cell death from apoptosis to necrosis","volume":"325","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14329","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14329","article-title":"RIP1 autophosphorylation is promoted by mitochondrial ROS and is essential for RIP3 recruitment into necrosome","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2017.133","article-title":"Plasma membrane changes during programmed cell deaths","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3001304","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001304","article-title":"A unique death pathway keeps RIPK1 D325A mutant mice in check at embryonic day 105","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabi9471","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abi9471","article-title":"NLRC4 inflammasome-dependent cell death occurs by a complementary series of three death pathways and determines lethality in mice","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"2024021709164520700_CIT0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2015.06.005","article-title":"CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genetic screening in mice with haploid embryonic stem cells carrying a guide RNA Library","volume":"17","author":"Zhong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"}],"container-title":["Protein &amp; Cell"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/proteincell\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/procel\/pwad050\/54428980\/pwad050.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/proteincell\/article-pdf\/15\/2\/135\/56691243\/pwad050.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/proteincell\/article-pdf\/15\/2\/135\/56691243\/pwad050.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T09:20:37Z","timestamp":1708161637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/proteincell\/article\/15\/2\/135\/7321984"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/procel\/pwad050","relation":{},"ISSN":["1674-800X","1674-8018"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1674-800X","type":"print"},{"value":"1674-8018","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]}}}