{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:53:43Z","timestamp":1791593623947,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFA0800504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFA0800504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31922020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31922020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Direct conversion of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) to cardiomyocytes (CMs) in vivo to regenerate heart tissue is an attractive approach. After myocardial infarction (MI), heart repair proceeds with an inflammation stage initiated by monocytes infiltration of the infarct zone establishing an immune microenvironment. However, whether and how the MI microenvironment influences the reprogramming of CFs remains unclear. Here, we found that in comparison with cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) cultured in vitro, CFs that transplanted into infarct region of MI mouse models resisted to cardiac reprogramming. RNA-seq analysis revealed upregulation of interferon (IFN) response genes in transplanted CFs, and subsequent inhibition of the IFN receptors increased reprogramming efficiency in vivo. Macrophage-secreted IFN-\u03b2 was identified as the dominant upstream signaling factor after MI. CFs treated with macrophage-conditioned medium containing IFN-\u03b2 displayed reduced reprogramming efficiency, while macrophage depletion or blocking the IFN signaling pathway after MI increased reprogramming efficiency in vivo. Co-IP, BiFC and Cut-tag assays showed that phosphorylated STAT1 downstream of IFN signaling in CFs could interact with the reprogramming factor GATA4 and inhibit the GATA4 chromatin occupancy in cardiac genes. Furthermore, upregulation of IFN-IFNAR-p-STAT1 signaling could stimulate CFs secretion of CCL2\/7\/12 chemokines, subsequently recruiting IFN-\u03b2-secreting macrophages. Together, these immune cells further activate STAT1 phosphorylation, enhancing CCL2\/7\/12 secretion and immune cell recruitment, ultimately forming a self-reinforcing positive feedback loop between CFs and macrophages via IFN-IFNAR-p-STAT1 that inhibits cardiac reprogramming in vivo. Cumulatively, our findings uncover an intercellular self-stimulating inflammatory circuit as a microenvironmental molecular barrier of in situ cardiac reprogramming that needs to be overcome for regenerative medicine applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/procel\/pwae013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T12:23:12Z","timestamp":1711023792000},"page":"906-929","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Macrophages suppress cardiac reprogramming of fibroblasts\n                    <i>in vivo<\/i>\n                    via IFN-mediated intercellular self-stimulating circuit"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4436-5206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University , Beijing 100871 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5579-8010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junbo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University , Beijing 100871 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4807-5892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yihong","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University , Beijing 100871 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0856-2724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University , Beijing 100871 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024121222474575800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2023.149272","article-title":"Cardiac reprogramming reduces inflammatory macrophages and improves cardiac function in chronic myocardial infarction","volume":"690","author":"Abe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2024121222474575800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2013.04.004","article-title":"Optimization of direct fibroblast reprogramming to cardiomyocytes using calcium activity as a functional measure of 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