{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T11:00:46Z","timestamp":1769943646058,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]],"date-time":"1999-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":920246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]],"date-time":"1999-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":920246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]],"date-time":"2019-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7535,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Poultry Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,6]],"date-time":"2014-02-06T18:58:58Z","timestamp":1391713138000},"page":"428-436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Measuring sperm:egg interaction to assess breeding efficiency in chickens and turkeys"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"GJ","family":"Wishart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"HJ","family":"Staines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1080\/00071669308417634","article-title":"Effects of genotype and cryopreservation of avian semen on fertility and number of perivitelline spermatozoa","volume":"34","author":"Alexander","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib486","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1071\/AR9570788","article-title":"Sperm transport in the fowl","volume":"8","author":"Allen","year":"1958","journal-title":"Aust. J. Agron. Res."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib487","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0620159","article-title":"Sperm recovery from oviducts of turkeys at known intervals after insemination and oviposition","volume":"62","author":"Bakst","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib488","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod17.3.370","article-title":"Hydrolysis of the hen's perivitelline layer by cock sperm","volume":"17","author":"Bakst","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib489","first-page":"143","article-title":"Sperm selection, transport and storage in the avian oviduct","volume":"5","author":"Bakst","year":"1994","journal-title":"Poult. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5320(63)90012-1","article-title":"The vitelline membrane of the hen's egg: a chemical and electron microscopical study","volume":"8","author":"Bellairs","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Ultrastruct. Res."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.1992.tb00649.x","article-title":"Numbers and size of sperm storage tubules and the duration of sperm storage in birds\u2014a comparative study","volume":"45","author":"Birkhead","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biol. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib492","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0990593","article-title":"Selection and utilisation of spermatozoa in the reproductive tract of the female zebra finch","volume":"99","author":"Birkhead","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib493","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0080049","article-title":"Distribution of spermatozoa in the oviduct and fertility in domestic birds II","volume":"8","author":"Bobr","year":"1964","journal-title":"Transport of spermatozoa in the fowl oviduct. J. Reprod. Fertil."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib494","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod47.6.1113","article-title":"Preferential attachment of cock spermatozoa to the perivitelline layer directly over the germinal disc of the hen's ovum","volume":"47","author":"Bramwell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0741875","article-title":"Quantitative determination of spermatozoa penetration of the perivitelline layer of the hen's ovum as assessed on oviposited eggs","volume":"74","author":"Bramwell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib496","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0750767","article-title":"Influence of male broiler breeder dietary energy intake on reproduction and progeny growth","volume":"75","author":"Bramwell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib497","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0750755","article-title":"Age effect of male and female broiler breeders on sperm penetration of the perivitelline layer overlying the germinal disc","volume":"75","author":"Bramwell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib498","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(90)90064-Z","article-title":"Migration of spermatozoa in the oviduct of hens following intravaginal, intramagnal and intraabdominal insemination","volume":"33","author":"Brillard","year":"1990","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib499","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0720923","article-title":"Sperm storage and transport following natural mating and artificial insemination","volume":"77","author":"Brillard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1080\/00071669008417294","article-title":"Storage of sperm in the uterovaginal junction and its incidence on the numbers of spermatozoa present on the perivitelline layer of hens' eggs","volume":"31","author":"Brillard","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod43.2.271","article-title":"Quantification of spermatozoa in the sperm-storage tubules of turkey hens and its relation to sperm numbers in the perivitelline layer of eggs","volume":"43","author":"Brillard","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib502","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.437","article-title":"Prospective approaches to avoid flock fertility problems: predictive assessment of sperm function traits in poultry","volume":"78","author":"Donoghue","year":"1999","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0751035","article-title":"The effect of 24-hour storage on sperm hydrolysis through the perivitelline layer of ovipositioned turkey eggs","volume":"75","author":"Donoghue","year":"1998","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.1050221","article-title":"Effect of semen storage on the number of spermatozoa in the perivitelline layer of laid turkey eggs","volume":"105","author":"Donoghue","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib505","series-title":"Image analysis of the hydrolysis of the inner perivitelline layer during avian sperm:egg interaction. B.Sc. Honours Thesis","author":"Fairweather","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib506","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0500084","article-title":"Transport of spermatozoa in the reproductive tract of the turkey hen","volume":"50","author":"Howarth","year":"1971","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib507","series-title":"Techniques for Semen Evaluation, Semen Storage and Fertility Determination","first-page":"93","article-title":"Determination of holes made by sperm in the perivitelline layer of laid eggs","author":"Howarth","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib508","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0691764","article-title":"Analysis of poultry fertility data","volume":"69","author":"Kirby","year":"1990","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib509","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0240281","article-title":"The accuracy of the macroscopic method in identifying unincubated germ discs","volume":"24","author":"Kosin","year":"1945","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib510","first-page":"89","article-title":"Fate of spermatozoa that do not participate in fertilization in the domestic fowl","volume":"214","author":"Koyonagi","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cell Tiss. Res."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib511","first-page":"225","article-title":"Gamete production and the fertile period with particular reference to domesticated birds","volume":"35","author":"Lake","year":"1975","journal-title":"Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/00071688108447865","article-title":"Preservation of fowl semen in liquid nitrogen: application to breeding programmes","volume":"22","author":"Lake","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0751546","article-title":"The male contribution to broiler breeder heat-induced infertility as determined by sperm-egg penetration and sperm storage within the hen's oviduct","volume":"75","author":"McDaniel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib514","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.1090173","article-title":"Development of a novel fluorescence technique for quantifying the total number of spermatozoa stored in the uterovaginal junction of hens","volume":"109","author":"McDaniel","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1080\/00071669889259","article-title":"Evaluation of semen from different individual male domestic fowl by assessment of sperm:perivitelline interaction in vitro and in vivo","volume":"39","author":"Robertson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib516","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1080\/00071669889240","article-title":"Quantification of a sperm:egg interaction for estimating the efficiency of broiler breeder flocks","volume":"39","author":"Staines","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib517","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.1010599","article-title":"Avian spermatozoa:egg interaction in vivo and in vitro.","volume":"101","author":"Steele","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib518","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0040161","article-title":"Effect of varying doses of undiluted semen on fertility and hatchability in the domestic fowl","volume":"4","author":"Taneja","year":"1962","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib519","first-page":"375","article-title":"Sperm numbers and fertility: a kinetic approach","volume":"13","author":"Van Duijn","year":"1965","journal-title":"Neerland. J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668508416825","article-title":"Quantitation of the fertilizing ability of fresh compared with frozen and thawed fowl spermatozoa","volume":"26","author":"Wishart","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib521","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0800493","article-title":"Regulation of the length of the fertile period in the domestic fowl by numbers of oviducal spermatozoa","volume":"80","author":"Wishart","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib522","first-page":"363","article-title":"Numbers of oviducal spermatozoa and the length of the fertile period in different avian species","volume":"11","author":"Wishart","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc. Inter. Cong. Anim. Reprod. A. I."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668908417168","article-title":"Physiological changes in fowl and turkey spermatozoa during in vitro storage","volume":"30","author":"Wishart","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib524","series-title":"Proceedings First International Symposium on the Artificial Insemination of Poultry","first-page":"207","article-title":"New approaches to evaluating male and female fertility","author":"Wishart","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(97)00042-0","article-title":"Quantitative aspects of sperm:egg interaction in chickens and turkeys","volume":"48","author":"Wishart","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib526","series-title":"Techniques for Semen Evaluation, Semen Storage and Fertility Determination","first-page":"89","article-title":"Predicting the duration of fertility by counting sperm in the perivitelline layer of laid eggs","author":"Wishart","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib527","first-page":"19","article-title":"Sperm:egg interaction in turkeys\u2014mechanisms and practical applications","volume":"43","author":"Wishart","year":"1995","journal-title":"Turkeys"},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib528","first-page":"78","article-title":"Oviducal sperm transport and the probability of fertilization in poultry","volume":"8","author":"Wishart","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. Poult. Breeders Conf."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib529","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1080\/00071669508417779","article-title":"Assessing the breeding efficiency of broiler breeder flocks by measuring sperm transfer into laid eggs","volume":"36","author":"Wishart","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428_bib530","first-page":"631","article-title":"A method for predicting impending fertility in naturally-mated chickens and demonstration of gross variation in sperm transfer efficiency","volume":"19","author":"Wishart","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. World Poult. Sci. Cong."}],"container-title":["Poultry Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579119413151?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579119413151?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ps\/article-pdf\/78\/3\/428\/4424894\/poultrysci78-0428.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T21:24:45Z","timestamp":1758489885000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0032579119413151"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0032579119413151"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5791"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5791","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Measuring sperm:egg interaction to assess breeding efficiency in chickens and turkeys","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Poultry Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ps\/78.3.428","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 1999 Poultry Science Association Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}