{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T14:31:11Z","timestamp":1791124271480,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]],"date-time":"2004-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1075593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]],"date-time":"2004-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1075593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]],"date-time":"2019-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5744,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Poultry Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,6]],"date-time":"2014-02-06T20:44:54Z","timestamp":1391719494000},"page":"184-192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":149,"title":["Welfare implications of avian osteoporosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"A.B.","family":"Webster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib1","first-page":"413","article-title":"Metabolic response of laying hens to different dietary levels of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D","volume":"67","author":"Antillon","year":"1977","journal-title":"Cornell Vet."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib2","first-page":"175","article-title":"Comparison of bone characteristics of hens of three different ages in cages and floor pens","volume":"2","author":"Arafa","year":"1987","journal-title":"Appl. Agric. Res."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1071\/EA97024","article-title":"Effects of modifying layer cages with perches on stress physiology, plumage, pecking and bone strength of hens","volume":"37","author":"Barnett","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aust. J. Exp. Agric."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)34922-1","article-title":"Cage layer fatigue in Brown Leghorns","volume":"3","author":"Bell","year":"1962","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/00071660086376","article-title":"Inheritance of bone characteristics affecting osteoporosis in laying hens","volume":"41","author":"Bishop","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0692209","article-title":"Sensitivity of various bone parameters of laying hens to different daily calcium intakes","volume":"69","author":"Cheng","year":"1990","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0692214","article-title":"Effect of calcium source, particle size, limestone solubility in vitro, and calcium intake level on layer bone status and performance","volume":"69","author":"Cheng","year":"1990","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib8","first-page":"55","article-title":"Cage layer fatigue","volume":"5","author":"Couch","year":"1955","journal-title":"Feed Age."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0501429","article-title":"Depletion of femur bone mineral after the onset of egg production in a commercial strain of Leghorns and in broiler-type pullets","volume":"50","author":"Cox","year":"1971","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1080\/00071660120048528","article-title":"Sequential studies of skeletal calcium reserves and structural bone volume in a commercial layer flock","volume":"42","author":"Cransberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0512015","article-title":"The use of extremely low dietary calcium to alter the production pattern of laying hens","volume":"51","author":"Douglas","year":"1972","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib12","series-title":"Proceedings of the 9th European Poultry Conference","first-page":"415","article-title":"Aversion of broilers to whole-body vertical vibration","volume":"Vol. II","author":"Duggan","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0731581","article-title":"Calcium homeostasis in the laying hen. 1. Age and dietary calcium effects","volume":"73","author":"Elaroussi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/117.3.619","article-title":"Calcium logistics in the laying hen","volume":"117","author":"Etches","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib15","first-page":"S30","article-title":"Influence of medullary bone on humeral breaking strength","volume":"37","author":"Fleming","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1080\/00071669889024","article-title":"Bone structure and strength at different ages in laying hens and effects of dietary particulate limestone, vitamin K and ascorbic acid","volume":"39","author":"Fleming","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1080\/00071669408417731","article-title":"Bone structure and breaking strength in laying hens housed in different husbandry systems","volume":"35","author":"Fleming","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0692008","article-title":"Influence of vitamin D3, 1\u0391-hydroxyvitamin D3, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on eggshell quality, tibia strength, and various production parameters in commercial laying hens","volume":"69","author":"Frost","year":"1990","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00616748","article-title":"Cutaneous sensory afferents recorded from the nervus intramandibularis of Gallus gallus var domesticus","volume":"164","author":"Gentle","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. A."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962728600015189","article-title":"Pain in birds","volume":"1","author":"Gentle","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anim. Welf."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(92)90374-B","article-title":"Ankle joint (Artc. Intertarsalis) receptors in the domestic fowl","volume":"49","author":"Gentle","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(97)03324-6","article-title":"Sodium urate arthritis: Effects on the sensory properties of articular afferents in the chicken","volume":"70","author":"Gentle","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pain."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(97)00164-9","article-title":"Pain-related behaviour following sodium urate arthritis is expressed in decerebrate chickens","volume":"62","author":"Gentle","year":"1997","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S187","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962728600023617","article-title":"Attentional shifts alter pain perception in the chicken","volume":"10","author":"Gentle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anim. Welf."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(95)12181-1","article-title":"Endogenous analgesia in the chicken","volume":"201","author":"Gentle","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(87)90283-6","article-title":"Oral lesions in the chicken: Behavioural responses following nociceptive stimulation","volume":"40","author":"Gentle","year":"1987","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5288(91)90060-2","article-title":"Physiological and behavioural responses associated with feather removal in Gallus gallus var. domesticus","volume":"50","author":"Gentle","year":"1991","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(96)00461-1","article-title":"Effects of caudolateral neostriatal ablations on pain-related behaviour in the chicken","volume":"61","author":"Gentle","year":"1997","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(94)90012-4","article-title":"Sensory properties of ankle joint capsule mechanoreceptors in acute monoarthritic chickens","volume":"57","author":"Gentle","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pain."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(98)00297-2","article-title":"Reduction in peripheral inflammation by changes in attention","volume":"66","author":"Gentle","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962728600022715","article-title":"Nociceptors in the legs of poultry: Implications for potential pain in pre-slaughter shackling","volume":"9","author":"Gentle","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anim. Welf."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668908417179","article-title":"Broken bones in domestic fowl: Handling and processing damage in end-of-lay battery hens","volume":"30","author":"Gregory","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.132.6.127","article-title":"Effect of catching method and lighting intensity on the prevalence of broken bones and on the ease of handling of end-of-lay hens","volume":"132","author":"Gregory","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/00071669008417231","article-title":"Broken bones in domestic fowls: Effect of husbandry system and stunning method in end-oflay hens","volume":"31","author":"Gregory","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.128.17.397","article-title":"Effect of husbandry system on broken bones and bone strength in hens","volume":"128","author":"Gregory","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib36","series-title":"Proceedings of the 9th European Poultry Conference","first-page":"126","article-title":"Incidence of bone fractures in European layers","volume":"Vol. II","author":"Gregory","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.2307\/1587714","article-title":"Cage layer fatigue (cage paralysis)","volume":"3","author":"Grumbles","year":"1959","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0651814","article-title":"Changes in bone fragility in laying hens","volume":"65","author":"Harms","year":"1986","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0690426","article-title":"Some observations on the influence of vitamin D metabolites when added to the diet of commercial laying hens","volume":"69","author":"Harms","year":"1990","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5288(93)90057-M","article-title":"Comparison of bone volume and strength as measures of skeletal integrity in caged laying hens with access to perches","volume":"54","author":"Hughes","year":"1993","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(93)90588-7","article-title":"Rapid proliferation of calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive nerves during healing of rat tibial fracture suggests neural involvement in bone growth and remodelling","volume":"54","author":"Hukkanen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0540415","article-title":"Some responses of laying hens to induced arrest of egg production","volume":"54","author":"Hurwitz","year":"1975","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1053\/jpmn.2000.5892","article-title":"Management of osteoporotic vertebral fracture pain","volume":"1","author":"Kessenich","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pain Manage. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.126.15.354","article-title":"Limb bone strength and movement in laying hens from different housing systems","volume":"126","author":"Knowles","year":"1990","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5288(93)90004-Y","article-title":"Effect of bone strength on the frequency of broken bones in hens","volume":"54","author":"Knowles","year":"1993","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0721800","article-title":"Research note: Effect of carbonated drinking water on production performance and bone characteristics of laying hens exposed to high environmental temperatures","volume":"72","author":"Koelkebeck","year":"1993","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib47","series-title":"Bone Biology and Skeletal Disorders in Poultry","first-page":"61","article-title":"Functional load-bearing as a controlling influence for fracture resistance in the skeleton","author":"Lanyon","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib48","first-page":"237","article-title":"Evaluation of periosteal nociception in the cat","volume":"2","author":"Mandsager","year":"1991","journal-title":"Prog. Vet. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(96)90017-X","article-title":"Density and breaking strength of bones of mortalities among caged layers","volume":"60","author":"McCoy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0431405","article-title":"The effects of low levels of calcium in the diet of laying chickens","volume":"43","author":"Mehring","year":"1964","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0600771","article-title":"The effect of sodium fluoride on egg production, egg quality, and bone strength of caged layers","volume":"60","author":"Merkley","year":"1981","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0530878","article-title":"Bone breakage as affected by type housing or an exercise machine for layers","volume":"53","author":"Meyer","year":"1974","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1080\/00071669889123","article-title":"Effect of cage area, cage height and perches on feather condition, bone breakage, and mortality of laying hens","volume":"39","author":"Moinard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327604jaws0201_2","article-title":"Management of spent hens","volume":"2","author":"Newberry","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Appl. Anim. Welf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/77.10.1492","article-title":"Effect of housing birds in cages or an aviary system on bone characteristics","volume":"77","author":"Newman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/78.12.1658","article-title":"The effect of feed deprivation and subsequent refeeding on the bone characteristics of aged hens","volume":"78","author":"Newman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1977.170.06.620","article-title":"Avian fracture healing","volume":"170","author":"Newton","year":"1977","journal-title":"JAVMA."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1994.55.01.28","article-title":"Substance P immunohistochemical study of the sensory innervation of normal subchondral bone in the equine metacarpophalangeal joint","volume":"55","author":"Nixon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib59","first-page":"51","article-title":"Avian cognitive abilities","volume":"14","author":"Pepperberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bird Behav."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1080\/00071669308417622","article-title":"Vibration on poultry transporters","volume":"34","author":"Randall","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/125.5.1342","article-title":"Age at sexual maturity influences the response of Single Comb White Leghorn pullets to marginal and low levels of dietary phosphorus","volume":"125","author":"Rao","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1080\/00071669708418012","article-title":"Studies on effects of nutritional factors on bone structure and osteoporosis in laying hens","volume":"38","author":"Rennie","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.2307\/1588228","article-title":"Bone pathology of birds affected with cage layer fatigue","volume":"12","author":"Riddell","year":"1968","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0750062","article-title":"Influence of calcium and environmental temperature on performance of first-cycle (Phase 1) commercial Leghorns","volume":"75","author":"Roland","year":"1996","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib65","series-title":"Bone Biology and Skeletal Disorders in Poultry","first-page":"281","article-title":"Nutritional and management factors related to osteopenia in laying hens","author":"Roland","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0650964","article-title":"Investigation of calcium and available phosphorus requirements for laying hens by response surface methodology","volume":"65","author":"Roush","year":"1986","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0490128","article-title":"Influence of protamone and dienestrol diacetate on bone fragility of caged layers","volume":"49","author":"Rowland","year":"1970","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0511339","article-title":"Time required to develop bone fragility in laying hens","volume":"51","author":"Rowland","year":"1972","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0472013","article-title":"A comparison of bone strength of caged and floor layers and roosters","volume":"47","author":"Rowland","year":"1968","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1591(93)90071-V","article-title":"Aversion of domestic fowl to whole-body vibratory motion","volume":"37","author":"Rutter","year":"1993","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"issue":"Jan.\/Feb.","key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib71","first-page":"40","article-title":"Addressing bone breakage","volume":"97","author":"Savage","year":"1991","journal-title":"Egg Ind."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib72","series-title":"Calcium in Reproductive Physiology","first-page":"155","article-title":"Calcium metabolism in the laying bird","author":"Simkiss","year":"1967"},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.2307\/1587825","article-title":"Relationship of dietary calcium and phosphorus levels to the cage layer fatigue syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Simpson","year":"1964","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/81.1.75","article-title":"Influence of dietary phosphorus on performance of Hy-Line W36 hens","volume":"81","author":"Sohail","year":"2002","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib75","first-page":"110","article-title":"Foot and skeletal disorders in laying hens","volume":"44","author":"Tauson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Agric. Scand. Sect. A, Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19540020","article-title":"Skeletal depletion in hens laying on a low calcium diet","volume":"8","author":"Taylor","year":"1954","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459308418955","article-title":"The effect of a bisphosphonate on bone volume and eggshell structure in the hen","volume":"22","author":"Thorp","year":"1993","journal-title":"Avian Path."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib78","series-title":"United Egg Producers Animal Husbandry Guidelines for U.S. Egg Laying Flocks","author":"UEP","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-66-3-377","article-title":"Osteoporosis in the laying hen","volume":"66","author":"Urist","year":"1960","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib80","series-title":"Proceedings of the 9th European Poultry Conference","first-page":"133","article-title":"Husbandry factors and bone strength in laying hens","volume":"Vol. II","author":"van Niekerk","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1093\/japr\/5.2.191","article-title":"Humane on-farm killing of spent hens","volume":"5","author":"Webster","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/79.7.1033","article-title":"Osteoporosis in cage layers","volume":"79","author":"Whitehead","year":"2000","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib83","series-title":"Bone Biology and Skeletal Disorders in Poultry","first-page":"265","article-title":"Characteristics of osteopenia in hens","author":"Whitehead","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5288(92)90084-F","article-title":"Effects of age, sex and housing on the trabecular bone of laying strain domestic fowl","volume":"53","author":"Wilson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5288(93)90058-N","article-title":"Effects of perches on trabecular bone volume in laying hens","volume":"54","author":"Wilson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(98)90112-6","article-title":"Bisphosphonates: A potential role in the prevention of osteoporosis in laying hens","volume":"64","author":"Wilson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(87)90093-4","article-title":"Physiological and behavioural responses in the hen (Gallus domesticus) to nociceptive stimulation","volume":"88A","author":"Woolley","year":"1987","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(98)00020-1","article-title":"Feeding-induced tonic pain suppression in the chicken: Reversal by naloxone","volume":"64","author":"Wylie","year":"1998","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."}],"container-title":["Poultry Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579119425777?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579119425777?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ps\/article-pdf\/83\/2\/184\/4477114\/poultrysci83-0184.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T21:31:35Z","timestamp":1758490295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0032579119425777"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0032579119425777"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5791"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5791","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Welfare implications of avian osteoporosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Poultry Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ps\/83.2.184","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2004 Poultry Science Association, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}