{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T17:18:39Z","timestamp":1788283119850,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Li Ka Shing Foundation Cross-Disciplinary Research","award":["2020LKSFG11C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020LKSFG11C"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Percussion massage guns are commonly used by professional athletes and nonathletes worldwide for warm-up and physical recovery; however, there are no published clinical or evidence-based reports on percussion guns regarding their benefits, indications, contraindications, and even side effects. The purpose of this case report is to describe the first case of rhabdomyolysis as a severe and potentially life-threatening illness following use of a percussion gun.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A young Chinese woman with untreated iron deficiency anemia presented with fatigue and pain in her thigh muscles for 3 days and tea-colored urine for 1 day, after cycling and subsequently receiving percussion gun treatment by her coach for the purpose of massage and relaxing tired muscles. Muscle tenderness and multiple hematomas were found on her thighs, and her urinalysis indicated hemoglobinuria. Her serum creatine kinase was reported as \u201cundetectably high,\u201d a hallmark of serious muscle damage leading to a diagnosis of severe rhabdomyolysis. Aggressive intravenous fluid resuscitation, urine alkalinization via intravenous alkaline solution, assessment of urine output, and maintenance of electrolyte balance were administered during hospitalization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The patient\u2019s clinical presentation gradually improved with the decline of creatine kinase, and she recovered well during follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A case of severe rhabdomyolysis after percussion massage should alert caregivers, sports professionals, and the public to suspect and recognize the potentially serious adverse effects of percussion guns and to ensure that percussion massage guns be used appropriately and safely in rehabilitation therapy, especially in individuals with an underlying disease or condition. Research is needed to examine the benefits, indications, contraindications, and adverse reactions of percussion guns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzaa199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T07:26:58Z","timestamp":1604561218000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Rhabdomyolysis After the Use of Percussion Massage Gun: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery , the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound , Shantou Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat-Sen University, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haizhu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Outpatient Department , Shantou Longhu People\u2019s Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Outpatient Department , Shantou Longhu People\u2019s Hospital; Longhu Rehabilitation Center, Shantou Longhu People\u2019s Hospital, 18 Rongjiang Road, Longhu, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023011705363474700_ref1","article-title":"What athletes use massage guns","author":"Best Massage Tech","journal-title":"Best Massage Tech website"},{"key":"2023011705363474700_ref2","article-title":"What is percussive therapy","author":"Best Massage Tech","journal-title":"Best Massage Tech website"},{"key":"2023011705363474700_ref3","first-page":"907","article-title":"Rhabdomyolysis","volume":"65","author":"Sauret","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician."},{"key":"2023011705363474700_ref4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Detailed diagnoses and procedures, National Hospital Discharge Survey, 1995","volume":"13","author":"Graves","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat."},{"key":"2023011705363474700_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2013.28.8.1194","article-title":"Incidence, 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Nephrol."},{"key":"2023011705363474700_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083164","article-title":"Clinical features of severe wasp sting patients with dominantly toxic reaction: analysis of 1091 cases","volume":"8","author":"Xie","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One."},{"key":"2023011705363474700_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109416","article-title":"Prediction of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions causing atorvastatin-induced rhabdomyolysis using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling","volume":"119","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother."},{"key":"2023011705363474700_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S158","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000460","article-title":"High risk of rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury after traumatic limb compartment syndrome","volume":"74","author":"Tsai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg."},{"key":"2023011705363474700_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.50.3.184","article-title":"Rhabdomyolysis after intramuscular iron-dextran in malabsorption","volume":"50","author":"Foulkes","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."}],"container-title":["Physical 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