{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:49:54Z","timestamp":1790171394604,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":39,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"US Department of Defense Peer Reviewed Orthopedic Research Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-11-2-0222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-11-2-0222"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center For Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002537"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00AR071517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00AR071517"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to examine associations between level of kinesiophobia and improvement in physical function during recovery from lower extremity injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total 430 adults (mean [SD]: age\u2009=\u200927.3 [6.4] years; sex\u2009=\u200970.5% men; body mass index\u2009=\u200927.6 [5.2] kg\/m2) were included in the analyses. Using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, physical function was evaluated in parallel with treatment from a physical therapist at the initial visit and every 3\u00a0weeks until final visit or up to 6\u00a0months. A Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-17) score of &amp;gt;41 indicated elevated TSK. Four TSK groups were identified: (1) TSK score improved from &amp;gt;41 at initial visit to &amp;lt;41 by final visit (TSK_I), (2) TSK score was &amp;lt;41 at initial and final visits (TSK\u2212), (3) TSK score was &amp;gt;41 at initial and final visits (TSK+), and (4) TSK score worsened from &amp;lt;41 at initial visit to \u226541 by final visit (TSK_W). Linear mixed effects models were used to examine differences between groups in improved physical function over time, with adjustment for depression and self-efficacy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Groups with elevated kinesiophobia at the final visit had smaller positive improvements in physical function (mean change [95% CI]: TSK+\u2009=\u20097.1 [4.8\u20139.4]; TSK_W: 6.0 [2.6\u20139.4]) compared with groups without elevated kinesiophobia at the final visit (TSK_I\u2009=\u20099.8 [6.4\u201313.3]; TSK\u2212\u2009=\u20099.7 [8.1\u201311.3]) by 12 weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Elevated kinesiophobia that persists or develops over the course of care is associated with less improvement in physical function within military and civilian cohorts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings of this prospective longitudinal study support the need to assess for elevated kinesiophobia throughout the course of care because of its association with decreased improvement in physical function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Lay Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>To help improve your physical function, your physical therapist can monitor the interaction between fear of movement and your clinical outcomes over the course of treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzab262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T12:21:31Z","timestamp":1636546891000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Elevated Kinesiophobia Is Associated With Reduced Recovery From Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Injuries in Military and Civilian Cohorts"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0514-739X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth L","family":"Chimenti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly S","family":"Pacha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie A","family":"Glass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathew","family":"Frazier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy Clinic, Fort Hood , Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy O","family":"Bowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Injury Rehabilitation Service , Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, , Texas, USA"},{"name":"Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston , Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, , Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew D","family":"Valantine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intrepid Spirit TBI Clinic, NICoE Informatics Team, Fort Hood , Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin R","family":"Archer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason M","family":"Wilken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022111301082590900_ref1","article-title":"Number and cause of self-reported medically-consulted injuries in the past three months, by sex, United States 2013-2015","author":"National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)","journal-title":"Injury database"},{"key":"2022111301082590900_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S57","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001115","article-title":"Physical training, fitness, and injuries: lessons learned from military studies","volume":"29","author":"Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Strength Cond 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