{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:53:43Z","timestamp":1790830423279,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Contemporary conceptualizations of pain emphasize its protective function. The meaning assigned to pain drives cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses. When pain is threatening and a person lacks control over their pain experience, it can become distressing, self-perpetuating, and disabling. Although the pathway to disability is well established, the pathway to recovery is less researched and understood. This Perspective draws on recent data on the lived experience of people with pain-related fear to discuss both fear and safety-learning processes and their implications for recovery for people living with pain. Recovery is here defined as achievement of control over pain as well as improvement in functional capacity and quality of life. Based on the common-sense model, this Perspective proposes a framework utilizing Cognitive Functional Therapy to promote safety learning. A process is described in which experiential learning combined with \u201csense making\u201d disrupts a person\u2019s unhelpful cognitive representation and behavioral and emotional response to pain, leading them on a journey to recovery. This framework incorporates principles of inhibitory processing that are fundamental to pain-related fear and safety learning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzab271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T07:11:15Z","timestamp":1640070675000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["From Fear to Safety: A Roadmap to Recovery From Musculoskeletal Pain"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5555-4412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J P","family":"Caneiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin University, School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Body Logic Physiotherapy Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin University, School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Bunzli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Melbourne Department Surgery, St. Vincent\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Linton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00d6rebro University, Center for Health and Medical Psychology (CHAMP), \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G Lorimer","family":"Moseley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"O\u2019Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin University, School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Body Logic Physiotherapy Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304747","article-title":"The global burden of musculoskeletal pain-where to from here?","volume":"109","author":"Blyth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref2","volume-title":"Explain Pain Supercharged","author":"Moseley","year":"2016"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099198","article-title":"Is it time to reframe how we care for people with non-traumatic musculoskeletal pain?","volume":"52","author":"Lewis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjpain.2017.03.001","article-title":"A neurobiologist's attempt to understand persistent pain","volume":"15","author":"Brodal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand J Pain"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000305","article-title":"Perceptual inference in chronic pain: an investigation into the economy of action hypothesis","volume":"32","author":"Tabor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjpain.2017.01.009","article-title":"Pain provocation following sagittal plane repeated movements in people with chronic low back pain: associations with pain sensitivity and psychological profiles","volume":"16","author":"Rabey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand J Pain"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095356","article-title":"Neural representations and the cortical body matrix: implications for sports medicine and future directions","volume":"50","author":"Wallwork","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-021-06809-0","article-title":"The catastrophization effects of an MRI report on the patient and surgeon and the benefits of 'clinical reporting': results from an RCT and blinded trials","volume":"30","author":"Rajasekaran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref9","first-page":"e001287","article-title":"Unintended consequences: quantifying the benefits, iatrogenic harms and downstream cascade costs of musculoskeletal MRI in UK primary care","volume":"10","author":"Sajid","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ OpenQual"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000574","article-title":"The fear-avoidance model of pain","volume":"157","author":"Vlaeyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000146","article-title":"How does pain lead to disability? A systematic review and meta-analysis of mediation studies in people with back and neck pain","volume":"156","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.09.036","article-title":"The role of fear avoidance beliefs as a prognostic factor for outcome in patients with nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Wertli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.05.005","article-title":"The relation between pain-related fear and disability: a meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Zale","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2020.103635","article-title":"Fear in the context of pain: lessons learned from 100 years of fear conditioning research","volume":"131","author":"Meulders","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099878","article-title":"What does best practice care for musculoskeletal pain look like? Eleven consistent recommendations from high-quality clinical practice guidelines: systematic review","volume":"54","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzy024","article-title":"Advancing psychologically informed practice for patients with persistent musculoskeletal pain: promise, pitfalls, and solutions","volume":"98","author":"Keefe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20110060","article-title":"Psychologically informed practice for management of low back pain: future directions in practice and research","volume":"91","author":"Main","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22744","article-title":"Physical therapist-delivered pain coping skills training and exercise for knee osteoarthritis: randomized controlled trial","volume":"68","author":"Bennell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12735","article-title":"Effectiveness of primary care interventions using a biopsychosocial approach in chronic low back pain: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Erp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain Prac"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzab188","article-title":"Training of physical therapists to deliver individualized biopsychosocial interventions to treat musculoskeletal pain conditions: a scoping review","volume":"101","author":"Simpson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20100326","article-title":"Embedding psychosocial perspectives within clinical management of low back pain: integration of psychosocially informed management principles into physical therapist practice--challenges and opportunities","volume":"91","author":"Foster","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2016.1236155","article-title":"Physiotherapist-delivered cognitive-behavioral interventions are effective for low back pain, but can they be replicated in clinical practice?","volume":"40","author":"Hall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20130444","article-title":"Can physical therapists deliver a pain coping skills program? An examination of training processes and outcomes","volume":"94","author":"Bryant","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2016.08.002","article-title":"Physiotherapists report improved understanding of and attitude toward the cognitive, psychological and social dimensions of chronic low back pain after cognitive functional therapy training: a qualitative study","volume":"62","author":"Synnott","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Physiother"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzy022","article-title":"Cognitive functional therapy: an integrated behavioral approach for the targeted management of disabling low back pain","volume":"98","author":"O'Sullivan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref26","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Medical Psychology","author":"Leventhal","year":"1980"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2017.7434","article-title":"Making sense of Low back pain and pain-related fear","volume":"47","author":"Bunzli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100488","article-title":"It is time to move beyond 'body region silos' to manage musculoskeletal pain: five actions to change clinical practice","volume":"54","author":"Caneiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24162","article-title":"Recovery: what does this mean to patients with low back pain?","volume":"61","author":"Hush","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000901","article-title":"Easy to harm, hard to heal: patient views about the back","volume":"40","author":"Darlow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20140570","article-title":"Patient perspectives on participation in cognitive functional therapy for chronic low back pain","volume":"96","author":"Bunzli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00054-8","article-title":"Fear of movement\/(re)injury and muscular reactivity in chronic low back pain patients: an experimental investigation","volume":"82","author":"Vlaeyen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e328014a871","article-title":"The role of illness perceptions in patients with medical conditions","volume":"20","author":"Petrie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008847","article-title":"Beliefs underlying pain-related fear and how they evolve: a qualitative investigation in people with chronic back pain and high pain-related fear","volume":"5","author":"Bunzli","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-018-0023-x","article-title":"Living with osteoarthritis is a balancing act: an exploration of patients' beliefs about knee pain","volume":"2","author":"Darlow","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC rheumatology"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101281","article-title":"'My hip is damaged': a qualitative investigation of people seeking care for persistent hip pain","volume":"54","author":"Oliveira B","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2018.12.002","article-title":"Physiotherapists implicitly evaluate bending and lifting with a round back as dangerous","volume":"39","author":"Caneiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Sci Pract"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain-2018-0056","article-title":"Evaluation of implicit associations between back posture and safety of bending and lifting in people without pain","volume":"18","author":"Caneiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand J Pain"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjpain.2017.09.012","article-title":"Implicit evaluations and physiological threat responses in people with persistent low back pain and fear of bending","volume":"17","author":"Caneiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand J Pain"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnab012","article-title":"How do people communicate about knee osteoarthritis? A discourse analysis","volume":"22","author":"Bunzli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Med (Malden, Mass)"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000143","article-title":"What do people who score highly on the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia really believe? A mixed methods investigation in people with chronic nonspecific low back pain","volume":"31","author":"Bunzli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31827a6dd8","article-title":"Lives on hold: a qualitative synthesis exploring the experience of chronic low-back pain","volume":"29","author":"Bunzli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-017-5389-8","article-title":"The reassuring potential of spinal imaging results: development and testing of a brief, psycho-education intervention for patients attending secondary care","volume":"27","author":"Karran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.4151","article-title":"The impact of choosing words carefully: an online investigation into imaging reporting strategies and best practice care for low back pain","volume":"5","author":"Karran","year":"2017","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2014.11.014","article-title":"Threatening social context facilitates pain-related fear learning","volume":"16","author":"Karos","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000098","article-title":"Interaction between pain, movement, and physical activity: short-term benefits, long-term consequences, and targets for treatment","volume":"31","author":"Hodges","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2005.08.004","article-title":"Expectancy, fear and pain in the prediction of chronic pain and disability: a prospective analysis","volume":"10","author":"Boersma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Pain (London, England)"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1044","article-title":"Fear of pain changes movement: motor behavior following the acquisition of pain-related fear","volume":"21","author":"Karos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Pain (London, England)"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200403000-00001","article-title":"Pain-related fear, lumbar flexion, and dynamic EMG among persons with chronic musculoskeletal low back pain","volume":"20","author":"Geisser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181aa6175","article-title":"Discriminating healthy controls and two clinical subgroups of nonspecific chronic low back pain patients using trunk muscle activation and lumbosacral kinematics of postures and movements: a statistical classification model","volume":"34","author":"Dankaerts","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1249\/JES.0000000000000121","article-title":"Low-back pain patients learn to adapt motor behavior with adverse secondary consequences","volume":"45","author":"Dieen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf8934","article-title":"Deconstructing the sensation of pain: the influence of cognitive processes on pain perception","volume":"354","author":"Wiech","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3516","article-title":"Cognitive and emotional control of pain and its disruption in chronic pain","volume":"14","author":"Bushnell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/jabr.12007","article-title":"A Transdiagnostic approach to pain and emotion","volume":"18","author":"Linton","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Appl Biobehav Res"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001207","article-title":"Reduced selective learning in fibromyalgia patients versus healthy controls","volume":"159","author":"Meulders","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00242-0","article-title":"Fear-avoidance and its consequences in chronic musculoskeletal pain: a state of the art","volume":"85","author":"Vlaeyen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-016-9782-2","article-title":"The common-sense model of self-regulation (CSM): a dynamic framework for understanding illness self-management","volume":"39","author":"Leventhal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.10.012","article-title":"Brain mechanisms of fear extinction: historical perspectives on the contribution of prefrontal cortex","volume":"60","author":"Sotres-Bayon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.5127\/jep.026511","article-title":"Role of inhibition in exposure therapy","volume":"3","author":"Craske","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Exp Psychopathol"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.04.006","article-title":"Maximizing exposure therapy: an inhibitory learning approach","volume":"58","author":"Craske","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.10.003","article-title":"Optimizing inhibitory learning during exposure therapy","volume":"46","author":"Craske","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.19003","article-title":"Practices to foster physician presence and connection with patients in the clinical encounter","volume":"323","author":"Zulman","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1097\/01.j.pain.0000460297.25831.67","article-title":"Intricacies of good communication in the context of pain: does validation reinforce disclosure?","volume":"156","author":"Linton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1097\/01.j.pain.0000460301.18207.c2","article-title":"Validating pain communication: current state of the science","volume":"156","author":"Edmond","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2011.07.011","article-title":"Painfully reassuring? The effects of validation on emotions and adherence in a pain test","volume":"16","author":"Linton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Pain (London, England)"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200303000-00002","article-title":"Early identification of patients at risk of developing a persistent back problem: the predictive validity of the Orebro musculoskeletal pain questionnaire","volume":"19","author":"Linton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2020.06.003","article-title":"Beliefs about the body and pain: the critical role in musculoskeletal pain management","volume":"25","author":"Caneiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz J Phys Ther"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2019.1641864","article-title":"How do physiotherapists solicit and explore patients\u2019 concerns in back pain consultations: a conversation analytic approach","volume":"37","author":"Cowell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiother Theory Pract"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref69","first-page":"2012","volume-title":"Pain-Related Fear: Exposure-Based Treatment for Chronic Pain","author":"Vlaeyen"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1631","article-title":"Movement, posture and low back pain. How do they relate? A replicated single-case design in 12 people with persistent, disabling low back pain","volume":"24","author":"Wernli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Pain (London, England)"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2019.02.007","article-title":"How does change unfold? An evaluation of the process of change in four people with chronic low back pain and high pain-related fear managed with cognitive functional therapy: a replicated single-case experimental design study","volume":"117","author":"Caneiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2017.7371","article-title":"Process of change in pain-related fear: clinical insights from a single case report of persistent back pain managed with cognitive functional therapy","volume":"47","author":"Caneiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.1370","article-title":"The perspectives of physiotherapists on managing nonspecific low back pain following a training programme in cognitive functional therapy: a qualitative study","volume":"17","author":"Cowell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Musculoskeletal Care"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2019.04.001","article-title":"Shifting beliefs across society would lay the foundation for truly biopsychosocial care","volume":"65","author":"Chalmers","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Physiother"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099567","article-title":"Whole of community pain education for back pain. Why does first-line care get\u00a0almost no attention and what exactly are we waiting for?","volume":"53","author":"Moseley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2020.1861116","article-title":"Patients' conceptions of undergoing physiotherapy for persistent low back pain delivered in Finnish primary healthcare by physiotherapists who had participated in brief training in cognitive functional therapy","volume":"22","author":"Holopainen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2011.06.006","article-title":"The association between health care professional attitudes and beliefs and the attitudes and beliefs, clinical management, and outcomes of patients with low back pain: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Darlow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Pain (London, England)"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.11.010","article-title":"How does the self-reported clinical management of patients with low back pain relate to the attitudes and beliefs of health care practitioners? A survey of UK general practitioners and physiotherapists","volume":"135","author":"Bishop","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.1518","article-title":"The enduring impact of what clinicians say to people with low back pain","volume":"11","author":"Darlow","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11110618","article-title":"Lumbar MR imaging and reporting epidemiology: do epidemiologic data in reports affect clinical management?","volume":"262","author":"McCullough","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2012.00252.x","article-title":"Efficacy of classification-based cognitive functional therapy in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Vibe Fersum","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Pain (London, England)"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-100780","article-title":"Cognitive functional therapy compared with a group-based exercise and education intervention for chronic low back pain: a multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT)","volume":"54","author":"O'Keeffe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001575","article-title":"Efficacy of a transdiagnostic emotion-focused exposure treatment for chronic pain patients with comorbid anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"160","author":"Boersma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2022030109501568200_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031133","article-title":"RESTORE-cognitive functional therapy with or without movement sensor biofeedback versus usual care for chronic, disabling low back pain: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Kent","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"}],"container-title":["Physical Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ptj\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ptj\/pzab271\/41898922\/pzab271.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ptj\/article-pdf\/102\/2\/pzab271\/42645490\/pzab271.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ptj\/article-pdf\/102\/2\/pzab271\/42645490\/pzab271.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T04:51:43Z","timestamp":1646110303000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ptj\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ptj\/pzab271\/6480889"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ptj\/pzab271","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9023","1538-6724"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9023","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-6724","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"article-number":"pzab271"}}