{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:50:32Z","timestamp":1790693432502,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to critically appraise and summarize the evidence for reliability of muscle strength and muscle power assessment in patients with neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) using isokinetic dynamometry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase electronic databases were searched from inception to March 8, 2022. Studies designed to evaluate reliability of muscle strength and power measurements using isokinetic dynamometry were included in this review. First, the methodological quality of the studies was assessed according to the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments guidelines. Next, the quality of measurement properties was determined. Finally, the methodological quality and quality of measurement properties of the studies were combined to obtain a best-evidence synthesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A best-evidence synthesis of reliability was performed in 11 studies including postpoliomyelitis syndrome (n = 5), hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (n = 2), motor neuron diseases (n = 1), myotonic dystrophy (n = 1), and groups of pooled NMDs (n = 2). A best-evidence synthesis on measurement error could not be performed. Quality of evidence on reliability ranged from high in postpoliomyelitis syndrome to very low in hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, motor neuron diseases, and groups of pooled NMDs. The most frequently used outcome measure was peak torque, which was reliable in all populations (intraclass correlation coefficient &amp;gt;0.7).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The quality of evidence for reliability of isokinetic dynamometry was found to vary substantially among different NMDs. High quality of evidence has been obtained only in patients with postpoliomyelitis syndrome. Further research is needed in the majority of known NMDs to determine reliability and validity of isokinetic dynamometry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ability of isokinetic dynamometers to capture clinically relevant changes in muscle strength and muscle power in NMDs remains unclear. Isokinetic dynamometry results in NMDs should be interpreted with caution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzac099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T04:28:50Z","timestamp":1658982530000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Reliability of Muscle Strength and Muscle Power Assessments Using Isokinetic Dynamometry in Neuromuscular Diseases: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Danny R","family":"van der Woude","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center Utrecht Child Development and Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, , Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thijs","family":"Ruyten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center Utrecht Child Development and Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, , Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Bartels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center Utrecht Child Development and Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, , Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2016.06.017","article-title":"The epidemiology of neuromuscular diseases","volume":"34","author":"Bhatt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23529","article-title":"Patient-identified disease burden in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy","volume":"46","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3233\/JND-170252","article-title":"A qualitative approach to health related quality-of-life in congenital muscular dystrophy","volume":"5","author":"Cornwall","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neuromuscul Dis"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13534","article-title":"Muscle strength and motor function throughout life in a cross-sectional cohort of 180 patients with spinal muscular atrophy types 1c\u20134","volume":"25","author":"Wadman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23902","article-title":"The 6-minute walk test and other endpoints in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: longitudinal natural history observations over 48 weeks from a multicenter study","volume":"48","author":"Mcdonald","year":"2013","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880120302","article-title":"Relationship of manual muscle testing to objective strength measurements","volume":"12","author":"Aitkens","year":"1989","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2010.10.025","article-title":"Hand-held dynamometry correlation with the gold standard isokinetic dynamometry: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Stark","year":"2011","journal-title":"PM&R"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1983.5.1.7","article-title":"The definition and assessment of muscular power","volume":"5","author":"Sapega","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref9","volume-title":"Daniels & Worthinghams Muscle Testing: Techniques of Manual Examination","author":"Hislop","year":"2007","edition":"8th"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref10","first-page":"3","article-title":"Hand-held dynamometry: adoption 1900\u20132005","volume":"103","author":"Bohannon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-11-72","article-title":"The use of muscle strength assessed with handheld dynamometers as a non-invasive biological marker in myotonic dystrophy type 1 patients: a multicenter study","volume":"11","author":"H\u00e9bert","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(96)00108-6","article-title":"A comparison of three measures of disease progression in ALS","volume":"139","author":"Andres","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2017-0052","article-title":"Absolute reliability and concurrent validity of hand held dynamometry and isokinetic dynamometry in the hip, knee and ankle joint: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Chamorro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Med"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref14","first-page":"9293","article-title":"Absolute reliability and concurrent validity of hand-held dynamometry in shoulder rotator strength assessment","volume":"18","author":"Chamorro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2008.11.007","article-title":"Reliability of handheld dynamometry in assessment of hip strength in adult male football players","volume":"13","author":"Fulcher","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.05.023","article-title":"Muscle strength and poststroke hemiplegia: a systematic review of muscle strength assessment and muscle strength impairment","volume":"98","author":"Kristensen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-198908020-00003","article-title":"Isokinetic dynamometry","volume":"8","author":"Baltzopoulos","year":"1989","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3233\/IES-2012-0478","article-title":"Isokinetic assessment of muscle function: our experience with patients afflicted with selected diseases of the nervous system","volume":"20","author":"Lexell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Isokinet Exerc Sci"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.05.019","article-title":"Rate of torque development and the risk of falls among community dwelling older adults in Japan","volume":"72","author":"Kamo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.10.015","article-title":"When to use agreement versus reliability measures","volume":"59","author":"Vet","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-018-1798-3","article-title":"COSMIN guideline for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures","volume":"27","author":"Prinsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200030010-00001","article-title":"Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science","volume":"30","author":"Hopkins","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sport Med"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5256","article-title":"Reliability, repeatability and reproducibility: analysis of measurement errors in continuous variables","volume":"31","author":"Bartlett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-009-9528-5","article-title":"Development of a methodological PubMed search filter for finding studies on measurement properties of measurement instruments","volume":"18","author":"Terwee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-017-1765-4","article-title":"COSMIN risk of bias checklist for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures","volume":"27","author":"Mokkink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2015.03.016","article-title":"Intra-rater reliability of arm and hand muscle strength measurements in persons with late effects of polio","volume":"7","author":"Brog\u00e5rdh","year":"2015","journal-title":"PM R"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3233\/IES-2011-0397","article-title":"Reproducibility of ankle dorsiflexor muscle strength measurements in individuals with post-polio syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Flansbjer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Isokinet Exerc Sci"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0561","article-title":"Reliability of knee extensor and flexor muscle strength measurements in persons with late effects of polio","volume":"42","author":"Flansbjer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9993(93)90034-8","article-title":"Reliability of Cybex II isokinetic evaluations of torque in post-poliomyelitis syndrome","volume":"74","author":"Kilfoil","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.026","article-title":"Reproducibility of maximal quadriceps strength and its relationship to maximal voluntary activation in postpoliomyelitis syndrome","volume":"85","author":"Horemans","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90109-4","article-title":"Reliability of isokinetic measurements of ankle dorsal and plantar flexors in normal subjects and in patients with peripheral neuropathy","volume":"77","author":"Andersen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(89)90172-X","article-title":"Quantitative measures of neurological function in chronic neuromuscular diseases and ataxia","volume":"92","author":"Fillyaw","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2508","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009625","article-title":"Intrarater reliability and validity of outcome measures in myotonic dystrophy type 1","volume":"94","author":"Knak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-8966(94)90004-3","article-title":"Eccentric and concentric muscle performance in patients with spastic paresis secondary to motor neuron disease. A preliminary report","volume":"4","author":"Griffin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2007.03.014","article-title":"Isokinetic muscle testing for weak patients suffering from neuromuscular disorders: a reliability study","volume":"17","author":"Tiffreau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3233\/IES-2003-0114","article-title":"Isokinetic dynamometry of weak muscles","volume":"11","author":"Tiffreau","year":"2003","journal-title":"Isokinet Exerc Sci"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226274","article-title":"Reliability of isokinetic knee strength measurements in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-Bermejo","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.04.017","article-title":"Test-retest reliability of isometric and isokinetic knee extension and flexion in patients with fibromyalgia: evaluation of the smallest real difference","volume":"92","author":"Adsuar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-11360","article-title":"Isokinetic strength testing in patients with chronic heart failure--a reliability study","volume":"22","author":"Quittan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref40","article-title":"Inter-day test\u2013retest reliability and feasibility of isokinetic, isometric, and isotonic measurements to assess quadriceps endurance in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a multicenter study","volume":"16","author":"Frykholm","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chron Respir Dis"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31826ed94c","article-title":"Isokinetic testing in patients with neuromuscular diseases: a focused review","volume":"92","author":"El Mhandi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1990.11.8.362","article-title":"The effect of inter-trial rest interval on the assessment of isokinetic thigh muscle torque","volume":"11","author":"Stratford","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1177\/0031512520914109","article-title":"Influence of handgrip stabilization during isokinetic knee strength assessment in older women","volume":"127","author":"Nunes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-8966(92)90007-S","article-title":"Isokinetic muscle testing (IMT) in neuromuscular diseases. Preliminary report","volume":"2","author":"Merlini","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2007.11.001","article-title":"Accuracy of Biodex system 3 pro computerized dynamometer in passive mode","volume":"30","author":"Nordez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref46","first-page":"60","article-title":"The six-minute walk test in chronic pediatric conditions: a systematic review of measurement properties","volume":"16","author":"Bartels","year":"2013","journal-title":"Teach Stat"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-017-0091-2","article-title":"The validity and responsiveness of isometric lower body multi-joint tests of muscular strength: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Drake","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sport Med - Open"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-019-03338-3","article-title":"Measurement properties of instruments for assessment of cervical spine function in infants with torticollis: a systematic review","volume":"178","author":"Seager","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(97)90311-7","article-title":"Hand-held dynamometry reliability in persons with neuropathic weakness","volume":"78","author":"Kilmer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2014.04.004","article-title":"Inter-machine reliability of the Biodex and Cybex isokinetic dynamometers for knee flexor\/extensor isometric, concentric and eccentric tests","volume":"16","author":"De Araujo Ribeiro Alvares","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"key":"2022122013271926100_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511996214","volume-title":"Measurement in Medicine: A Practical Guide","author":"Vet","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["Physical Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ptj\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ptj\/pzac099\/45177026\/pzac099.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ptj\/article-pdf\/102\/10\/pzac099\/48130256\/pzac099.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ptj\/article-pdf\/102\/10\/pzac099\/48130256\/pzac099.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T13:02:05Z","timestamp":1671541325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ptj\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ptj\/pzac099\/6650967"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ptj\/pzac099","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9023","1538-6724"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9023","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-6724","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"article-number":"pzac099"}}