{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T18:57:04Z","timestamp":1793386624065,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pulmonary rehabilitation programs that use minimal equipment for exercise training, rather than gymnasium equipment, would enable delivery of pulmonary rehabilitation to a greater number of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The effectiveness of minimal equipment programs in people with COPD is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation using minimal equipment for aerobic and\/or resistance training in people with COPD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Literature databases were searched up to September 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effect of minimal equipment programs with usual care or with exercise equipment-based programs for exercise capacity, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and strength.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nineteen RCTs were included in the review and 14 RCTs were included in the meta-analyses, which reported low to moderate certainty of evidence. Compared with usual care, minimal equipment programs increased 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) by 85\u00a0m (95% CI\u2009=\u200937 to 132 m). No difference in 6MWD was observed between minimal equipment and exercise equipment-based programs (14\u00a0m, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u221227 to 56 m). Minimal equipment programs were more effective than usual care for improving HRQoL (standardized mean difference\u2009=\u20090.99, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.31 to 1.67) and were not different from exercise equipment-based programs for improving upper limb strength (6\u00a0N, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u22122 to 13 N) or lower limb strength (20\u00a0N, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u221230 to 71 N).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In people with COPD, pulmonary rehabilitation programs using minimal equipment elicit clinically significant improvements in 6MWD and HRQoL and are comparable with exercise equipment\u2013based programs for improving 6MWD and strength.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pulmonary rehabilitation programs using minimal equipment may be a suitable alternative in settings where access to gymnasium equipment is limited. Delivery of pulmonary rehabilitation programs using minimal equipment may improve access to pulmonary rehabilitation worldwide, particularly in rural and remote areas and in developing countries.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzad013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T17:36:15Z","timestamp":1675964175000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Pulmonary Rehabilitation Using Minimal Equipment for People With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7783-6891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia Wing Mei","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney Discipline of Physiotherapy, Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, , Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoe J","family":"McKeough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney Discipline of Physiotherapy, Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, , Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renae J","family":"McNamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince of Wales Hospital, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District Department of Physiotherapy, , Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Woolcock Institute of Medical Research Woolcock Emphysema Centre, , Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A","family":"Alison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney Discipline of Physiotherapy, Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, , Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Allied Health Professorial Unit, Sydney Local Health District , Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023083119273620800_ref1","first-page":"CD003793","article-title":"Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"2","author":"McCarthy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2023083119273620800_ref2","first-page":"CD005305","article-title":"Pulmonary rehabilitation following exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"12","author":"Puhan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2023083119273620800_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.3.903","article-title":"Peripheral muscle strength training in COPD: a systematic review","volume":"126","author":"O'Shea","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2023083119273620800_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii1","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-203808","article-title":"British Thoracic Society pulmonary rehabilitation guideline development group; British Thoracic Society standards of care committee. 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