{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T16:33:54Z","timestamp":1786379634224,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The purpose of this case report is to describe pairing vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) with mobility training in an individual after stroke.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A 53-year-old man with left hemiparesis 14.2\u00a0months after an ischemic stroke participated in a pilot study investigating the safety and feasibility of VNS paired with upper limb rehabilitation. In addition to upper limb impairment, the participant had impaired gait and wanted to improve his mobility. A single-subject design investigation of VNS paired with self-directed mobility training was conducted. Following the conclusion of the pilot study, the participant was instructed to complete daily sessions of self-activated VNS paired with walking or stationary biking. The 10-Meter Walk Test and timed distance (6-Minute Walk Test) were assessed at 4 baseline points and at 3 to 41\u00a0months after mobility training.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The participant had stable baseline values and was classified as a household ambulator with a quad cane. After VNS-paired mobility training, statistically significant improvements were observed in all measures, with the greatest improvements at 9\u00a0months exceeding the minimal detectable change: self-selected gait speed from 0.34 (standard deviation [SD]\u2009=\u20090.01) to 0.60\u00a0meters\/second, fast gait speed from 0.37 (SD\u2009=\u20090.03) to 0.79\u00a0meters\/second, and 6-Minute Walk Test distance from 106.91 (SD\u2009=\u20096.38) to 179.83\u00a0meters. The participant reported increased confidence and balance when walking. No falls or adverse events were reported.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The participant demonstrated improved gait speed and timed distance after VNS-paired mobility training. Randomized, blinded trials are needed to determine treatment efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This is the first documented case of VNS-paired mobility training in an individual with chronic poststroke gait impairments. VNS paired with mobility training may improve poststroke gait impairments.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzad097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T16:18:40Z","timestamp":1693930720000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Vagus Nerve Stimulation Paired With Mobility Training in Chronic Ischemic Stroke: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6397-4054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa J","family":"Kimberley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Therapy , Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"},{"name":"University of Minnesota , Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"},{"name":"Departments of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science , Rehabilitation Science PhD Program, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"},{"name":"MGH Institute of Health Professions , Rehabilitation Science PhD Program, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1296-8062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cec\u00edlia N","family":"Prudente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Therapy , Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"},{"name":"University of Minnesota , Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"},{"name":"MicroTransponder Inc , Austin, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Navzer D","family":"Engineer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MicroTransponder Inc , Austin, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Alexander","family":"Dickie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital , Glasgow , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa A","family":"Bisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Therapy , Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"},{"name":"University of Minnesota , Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Van de Winckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Therapy , Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"},{"name":"University of Minnesota , Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"},{"name":"Division of Rehabilitation Science , Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023122402462189500_ref1","first-page":"CD006073","article-title":"Repetitive task training for improving functional ability after stroke","volume":"2016","author":"French","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2023122402462189500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70150-4","article-title":"Motor recovery after stroke: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Langhorne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2023122402462189500_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2789","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.022279","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation paired with upper limb rehabilitation after chronic stroke: a 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