{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T06:46:20Z","timestamp":1785307580917,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Parkinson disease (PD) is associated with a predictable decline in motor function and mobility that is commonly managed with exercise. There is a limited understanding of the effects of group exercise compared to individual exercise (IE) and usual care (UC) on motor function and mobility. Our purpose was to investigate the effects of group exercise compared to IE and UC on motor function and mobility for people with PD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed with randomized control trials that investigated the effects of group compared with IE and UC on motor function and mobility for people with PD. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, EBSCO, and Science Direct databases. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twenty-three studies assessed at least 1 mobility-related outcome measure, met our inclusion criteria, and were included in quantitative analysis. There was no significant difference on motor function and mobility between group exercise and IE for all standardized outcome assessment meta-analyses. Motor function and mobility were significantly improved with group exercise compared to UC in 9 of 11 standardized outcome assessment meta-analyses. Results were based upon low to moderate quality of evidence.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Based upon low to moderate quality of evidence, group exercise has a similar to larger effect as IE and UC on improving motor function and mobility for people with PD. When used in combination with skilled physical therapy, group exercise may be an appropriate adjunct to individualized physical therapy to maximize mobility and function.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Long-term adherence to exercise is essential to maintain mobility and motor function for people with PD. Our study suggests group exercise is as effective as IE and may be an appropriate option to encourage long-term adherence related to increased access, socialization, and accountability.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzae014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T18:39:39Z","timestamp":1707503979000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of Group Exercise on Motor Function and Mobility for Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8089-0932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Palm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Jamestown Physical Therapy Program, , Fargo, North Dakota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Swarowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advent Health University Physical Therapy Department, , Orlando, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mackenzie","family":"Gullickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Jamestown Physical Therapy Program, , Fargo, North Dakota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Shilling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Jamestown Physical Therapy Program, , Fargo, North Dakota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9390-1590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitch","family":"Wolden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Jamestown Physical Therapy Program, , Fargo, North Dakota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024042912112660000_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-018-0058-0","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s foundation P4 group. 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