{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:11:06Z","timestamp":1790226666980,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to determine the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on exercise capacity, respiratory muscle strength, length of hospital stay (LOS), and quality of life (QOL) following coronary artery bypass graft surgery.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The search was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the Cochrane Handbook and included the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, and CENTRAL. The review included randomized controlled trials utilizing IMT during phase 1 or 2 postoperative cardiac rehabilitation (PoCR) versus alternative treatment (active or passive control) in patients following coronary artery bypass graft surgery.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fifteen studies were included (11 phase 1 studies, 4 phase 2 studies) with no reported adverse events. In phase 1 PoCR, IMT reduced the LOS (\u22121.02\u00a0days; 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u22122.00 to \u22120.03) and increased exercise capacity (6-minute walk distance) (+75.46\u00a0m; 95% CI\u2009=\u200952.34 to 98.57), and maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) (10.46\u00a0cm H2O; 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.83 to 18.10), but had no effect on maximal expiratory pressure. In phase 2 PoCR, IMT increased 6-minute walk distance (45.84\u00a0m; 95% CI\u2009=\u200910.89 to 80.80), MIP (\u221223.19\u00a0cm H2O; 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u221231.31 to \u221215), maximal expiratory pressure (20.18\u00a0cm H2O; 95% CI\u2009=\u20099.60 to 30.76), and QOL (\u221211.17; 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u221217.98 to \u22124.36), with no effect on peak oxygen uptake. There was a high risk of bias for MIP (75% of the phase 1 studies) and 6MWT (1 of 4 phase 2 studies). The quality of the evidence ranged from very low to moderate.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>IMT significantly improves exercise capacity, respiratory muscle strength, LOS, and QOL in phase 1 and 2 PoCR.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>IMT may benefit patients during phase 1 and 2 of PoCR, considering the safety, low cost, and potential benefits.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzae061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T19:02:54Z","timestamp":1713294174000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Inspiratory Muscle Training in Phase 1 and 2 Postoperative Cardiac Rehabilitation Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Cl\u00eania Oliveira","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bras\u00edlia (Faculty of Ceilandia), Graduate Program in Science and Technology in Health, Bras\u00edlia, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla Cristina","family":"Ara\u00fajo Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bras\u00edlia (Faculty of Ceilandia), Graduate Program in Science and Technology in Health, Bras\u00edlia, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco R A","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bras\u00edlia (Faculty of Ceilandia), Graduate Program in Science and Technology in Health, Bras\u00edlia, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence P","family":"Cahalin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unievangelica , Graduate Program in Human Movement and Rehabilitation, An\u00e1polis, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graziella Fran\u00e7a Bernardelli","family":"Cipriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bras\u00edlia (Faculty of Ceilandia), Graduate Program in Science and Technology in Health, Bras\u00edlia, DF, Brazil"},{"name":"University of Bras\u00edlia (Faculty of Ceilandia) , Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences Bras\u00edlia, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerson","family":"Cipriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bras\u00edlia (Faculty of Ceilandia), Graduate Program in Science and Technology in Health, Bras\u00edlia, DF, Brazil"},{"name":"University of Bras\u00edlia (Faculty of Ceilandia) , Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences Bras\u00edlia, DF, Brazil"},{"name":"University of Miami , Department of Physical Therapy, Leonard M. 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