{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T06:52:31Z","timestamp":1770965551232,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University","award":["RL27"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RL27"]}]},{"name":"General Research Fund","award":["151031\/18\u00a0M"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["151031\/18\u00a0M"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004377","name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1-ZVWT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1-ZVWT"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004377","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cardiorespiratory fitness is reduced after stroke due to inactivity which may cause structural and functional changes to blood vessels in the extremities. Identifying clinical factors contributing to vascular function may be important for tailoring rehabilitation programs that reduce secondary disease risk and adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study objective was to compare measures of arterial and intramuscular blood flow between the paretic and nonparetic upper limbs of individuals with stroke and healthy comparators. Associations between these parameters and stroke-related impairment were also examined.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This was a cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The setting was a university laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participants were individuals with stroke (n\u2009=\u200964; mean age\u2009=\u200960.8 [SD\u2009=\u20097.7] years) and matched controls (n\u2009=\u200964; mean age\u2009=\u200959.4 [SD\u2009=\u20097.8] years).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcomes\/Measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Brachial artery blood flow volume (Vflow) and arterial diameter (AD) were measured using Doppler ultrasound. Intramuscular blood perfusion of the biceps brachii was estimated using the vascularity index (VI). Motor recovery and perceived use of paretic upper limbs were assessed with the Fugl\u2013Meyer Assessment (FMA) and Motor Activity Log (MAL), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Side \u00d7 group interactions were observed for AD (F\u2009=\u200922.6) and VI (F\u2009=\u20094.00). Post hoc analyses showed lower AD and VI for paretic sides (stroke group), greater Vflow for dominant sides (comparators), and greater percent side-to-side differences (%SSDs) in AD and VI for the stroke group than for comparators. %SSDs in Vflow, AD, and VI demonstrated weak correlations with impairment (MAL, FMA; \u03c1\u2009=\u20090.253 to 0.347). MAL was an independent predictor of %SSD in Vflow (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.286), and FMA was an independent predictor of %SSDs in AD (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.307) and VI (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.371).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions\/Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Relative to the nonparetic and bilateral limbs of comparators, arterial size and intramuscular blood flow in the paretic upper limbs of individuals with stroke were significantly reduced. Motor impairment and disuse emerged as independent predictors of all vascular outcomes and may be potential intervention targets for reducing cardiovascular disease risk after stroke.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzaf002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T15:45:54Z","timestamp":1740152754000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Motor Impairment and Disuse Are Independent Predictors of Vascular Outcomes Poststroke"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5675-2824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiev","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong, SAR ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0941-8484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huixi","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong, SAR ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510180 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8920-4565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte S L","family":"Tsang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong, SAR ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1438-2188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mart\u00edn","family":"Calder\u00f3n-Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico , Ciudad de M\u00e9xico ,","place":["M\u00e9xico"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5979-6072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael T C","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong, SAR ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1652-8945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco Y C","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong, SAR ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2025032508472351500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215506cr926oa","article-title":"The use of aerobic exercise training in improving aerobic capacity in individuals with stroke: a meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Pang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"2025032508472351500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959120","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/959120","article-title":"Reduced cardiorespiratory fitness after stroke: biological consequences and exercise-induced adaptations","volume":"2012","author":"Billinger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stroke Res Treat"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025032508472351500_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1159\/000214218","article-title":"Use of Doppler ultrasound to assess femoral artery adaptations in the hemiparetic limb in people with stroke","volume":"27","author":"Billinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025032508472351500_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1159\/000080353","article-title":"Unilateral impairment of leg blood flow in chronic stroke patients","volume":"18","author":"Ivey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025032508472351500_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzx038","article-title":"How physically active are people following stroke? Systematic review and quantitative synthesis","volume":"97","author":"Fini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025032508472351500_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-016-9797-8","article-title":"Future directions in physical activity intervention research: expanding our focus to sedentary behaviors, technology, and dissemination","volume":"40","author":"Lewis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025032508472351500_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7682-4","article-title":"The prevalence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity and its association with physical activity, diet, and stress in Canada: evidence from a population-based cross-sectional study","volume":"19","author":"Sakakibara","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025032508472351500_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2532","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000022","article-title":"Physical activity and exercise recommendations for stroke survivors","volume":"45","author":"Billinger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"5269","key":"2025032508472351500_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5269.1791","article-title":"Neural substrates for the effects of rehabilitative training on motor recovery after ischemic infarct","volume":"272","author":"Nudo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025032508472351500_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2014.12.007","article-title":"Stroke-related sarcopenia: specific characteristics","volume":"16","author":"Scherbakov","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025032508472351500_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1519\/JPT.0b013e318236db92","article-title":"Age- and stroke-related skeletal muscle changes: a review for the geriatric clinician","volume":"35","author":"Sions","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Geriatr Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025032508472351500_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/01823246-201021010-00004","article-title":"Cardiovascular regulation after stroke: evidence of impairment, trainability, and implications for rehabilitation","volume":"21","author":"Billinger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cardiopulm Phys Ther J"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025032508472351500_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3086","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.550889","article-title":"Single limb exercise induces femoral artery remodeling and improves blood flow in the hemiparetic leg poststroke","volume":"40","author":"Billinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025032508472351500_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.16.03100","article-title":"Sonographic evaluation of endothelial function in brachial arteries of adult stroke patients","volume":"36","author":"Omisore","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025032508472351500_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.22127","article-title":"Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of the radial and ulnar arteries in hemiparetic patients after stroke","volume":"42","author":"Tiftik","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"2025032508472351500_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2020.115831","article-title":"Determinants of estimated failure load in the distal radius after stroke: an HR-pQCT study","volume":"144","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025032508472351500_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20120378","article-title":"Vascular elasticity and grip strength are associated with bone health of the hemiparetic radius in people with chronic stroke: implications for rehabilitation","volume":"93","author":"Pang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025032508472351500_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.015","article-title":"Convergent validity and test-retest reliability of multimodal ultrasonography and related clinical measures in people with chronic stroke","volume":"103","author":"Miller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025032508472351500_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58479-5","article-title":"Whole-body vibration modulates leg muscle reflex and blood perfusion among people with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled crossover trial","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025032508472351500_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.07.227","article-title":"Muscle oxygenation between the paretic and non-paretic leg measured during arterial occlusion and exercise in chronic stroke","volume":"37","author":"Whyte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"2025032508472351500_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2469-9780.1000102","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor-1 level and functional neurologic recovery after ischemic hemispheric stroke","volume":"01","author":"Medvedkova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurochem Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025032508472351500_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13362","article-title":"Endogenous recovery after brain damage: molecular mechanisms that balance neuronal life\/death fate","volume":"136","author":"Tovar-y-Romo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025032508472351500_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000126900.24964.7e","article-title":"Clinimetric properties of the motor activity log for the assessment of arm use in hemiparetic patients","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025032508472351500_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e296","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040296","article-title":"The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"4","author":"Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025032508472351500_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.03129.x","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the abbreviated mental test (Hong Kong version) in residential care homes","volume":"58","author":"Lam","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025032508472351500_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215505cr832oa","article-title":"Reliability and validity of arm function assessment with standardized guidelines for the Fugl\u2013Meyer test, action research arm test and box and block test: a multicentre study","volume":"19","author":"Platz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025032508472351500_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162200001018","article-title":"Regulation of stretch reflex threshold in elbow flexors in children with cerebral palsy: a new measure of spasticity","volume":"42","author":"Jobin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025032508472351500_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)90949-0","article-title":"The role of stretch reflex threshold regulation in normal and impaired motor control","volume":"657","author":"Levin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025032508472351500_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(92)90079-Q","article-title":"Relief of hemiparetic spasticity by TENS is associated with improvement in reflex and voluntary motor functions","volume":"85","author":"Levin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025032508472351500_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.12.008","article-title":"Evaluation of post-stroke spastic muscle stiffness using shear wave ultrasound elastography","volume":"43","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025032508472351500_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","article-title":"A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research","volume":"15","author":"Koo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Chiropr Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025032508472351500_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.11152\/mu-1859","article-title":"Effects of static stretching duration on muscle stiffness and blood flow in the rectus femoris in adolescents","volume":"21","author":"Caliskan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Article Med Ultrason"},{"issue":"1015","key":"2025032508472351500_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/99342011","article-title":"Correlation between computerised findings and Newman's scaling on vascularity using power Doppler ultrasonography imaging and its predictive value in patients with plantar fasciitis","volume":"85","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brit J Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025032508472351500_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.168.6.9168718","article-title":"Power Doppler sonography: use in measuring alterations in muscle blood volume after exercise","volume":"168","author":"Newman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025032508472351500_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2009.0221","article-title":"A semi-quantitative approach to compare high-sensitivity power Doppler sonography and conventional power Doppler sonography in the assessment of thyroid vascularity","volume":"19","author":"Ying","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025032508472351500_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03193146","article-title":"G*power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"2025032508472351500_ref37","volume-title":"Foundations of Clinical Research: Applications to Practice","author":"Portney","year":"2015","edition":"3rd"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025032508472351500_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2010.12.001","article-title":"Eta squared and partial eta squared as measures of effect size in educational research","volume":"6","author":"Richardson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Educ Res Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025032508472351500_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-1899-8","article-title":"Relative impact of neuromuscular and cardiovascular factors on bone strength index of the hemiparetic distal radius epiphysis among individuals with chronic stroke","volume":"23","author":"Pang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025032508472351500_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57090863","article-title":"Differences in femoral artery occlusion pressure between sexes and dominant and non-dominant legs","volume":"57","author":"Tafuna\u2019i","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"2025032508472351500_ref41","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988","edition":"2nd"},{"key":"2025032508472351500_ref42","volume-title":"The Handbook of Research Synthesis","author":"Cooper","year":"1994"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025032508472351500_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.6.1181","article-title":"Similar motor recovery of upper and lower extremities after stroke","volume":"25","author":"Duncan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025032508472351500_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.12.016","article-title":"Contribution of ankle dorsiflexor strength to walking endurance in people with spastic hemiplegia after stroke","volume":"93","author":"Ng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025032508472351500_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0241872","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241872","article-title":"Underlying mechanisms of oxygen uptake kinetics in chronic post-stroke individuals: a correlational, cross-sectional pilot study","volume":"15","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025032508472351500_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.26.8.1379","article-title":"Autonomic and thermal sensory symptoms and dysfunction after stroke","volume":"26","author":"Naver","year":"1995","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2025032508472351500_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5253527","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5253527","article-title":"Analysis of muscular electrical activity and blood perfusion of upper extremity in patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain: a pilot study","volume":"2022","author":"Sui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025032508472351500_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.10.039","article-title":"Time course of flow-mediated dilation and vascular endothelial growth factor following acute stroke","volume":"27","author":"Billinger","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025032508472351500_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1310\/tsr1702-128","article-title":"Single limb exercise: pilot study of physiological and functional responses to forced use of the hemiparetic lower extremity","volume":"17","author":"Billinger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025032508472351500_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0144023","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144023","article-title":"Impaired hyperemic response to exercise post stroke","volume":"10","author":"Durand","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Physical Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ptj\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ptj\/pzaf002\/62047616\/pzaf002.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ptj\/article-pdf\/105\/3\/pzaf002\/62047616\/pzaf002.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ptj\/article-pdf\/105\/3\/pzaf002\/62047616\/pzaf002.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T06:26:04Z","timestamp":1743229564000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ptj\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ptj\/pzaf002\/8029728"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ptj\/pzaf002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9023","1538-6724"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9023","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-6724","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"article-number":"pzaf002"}}