{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T01:28:31Z","timestamp":1777512511742,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OT2HL161841"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT2HL161841"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OT2HL161847"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT2HL161847"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OT2HL156812"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT2HL156812"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Utah Clinical and Translation Science Award","award":["UM1TR004409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1TR004409"]}]},{"name":"University of Arizona Strategic Initiatives"},{"name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences component of the NIH","award":["UM1TR002548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1TR002548"]}]},{"name":"Colorado CTSA","award":["UM1 TR004399"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 TR004399"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24 AG082527"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24 AG082527"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute on Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["T32 AI150547"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AI150547"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Many adults with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection have persistent limitations, but few studies have examined objective physical function impairment that persist longer than 3\u00a0months after infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective was to characterize physical function impairment among adults with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study was a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) initiative, a multi-site observational study in the United States (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05172024).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participants were adults \u226518\u00a0years old with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Exposures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Groups were defined based on COVID-19 status at enrollment: never diagnosed (control), diagnosed with COVID-19\u2009\u2264\u200912\u00a0weeks (recent COVID-19), or\u2009&amp;gt;\u200912\u00a0weeks prior to enrollment (remote COVID-19). The RECOVER-Adult Long COVID Index was used to further characterize by Index \u226512 versus 0.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcomes\/Measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Physical function (main outcome) was assessed by number of repetitions on a 30-second sit-to-stand test (30STS).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>30STS assessments at enrollment were available from 11,578 participants. 30STS repetitions were lowest in the remote COVID-19 group (n\u2009=\u20094942) with 11.5 (SD\u2009=\u20094.2) repetitions compared to 12.5 (SD\u2009=\u20094.7) repetitions among controls (n\u2009=\u20091887) or 12.2 (SD\u2009=\u20094.5) in recent COVID-19 (n\u2009=\u20094698). Remote COVID-19, but not recent COVID-19, was associated with lower physical function in the adjusted model (\u22120.61 repetitions; SD\u2009=\u20090.21). Those with RECOVER Long COVID Research Index \u226512 performed 1.6 (SD\u2009=\u20090.2) fewer repetitions than those with an Index equal 0.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Physical function impairment did not show clinically meaningful group differences between RECOVER Adult Cohort participants by COVID-19 status, or by Long COVID Index. Individual responses over time or in response to an intervention may be more clinically relevant.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the RECOVER adult cohort, overall physical function differences by time since COVID-19 or by Long COVID Index were small. Individualized assessments are needed to determine functional impairment following COVID-19 diagnosis and subsequent steps for rehabilitation interventions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzaf063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T07:37:50Z","timestamp":1745825870000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Physical Function Differences by COVID-19 Status: A Cross-sectional Analysis From the RECOVER Adult Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Grace L","family":"Kulik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, CO 80045 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianyu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences Department, University of Utah Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine , Salt 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