{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:11:37Z","timestamp":1787314297560,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R44 HD084035-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R44 HD084035-04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Physical activity can improve clinical outcomes among people with neurological conditions; however, people with these conditions rarely engage in recommended levels of activity. Remote monitoring (RM) with the incorporation of behavior change strategies is purported to be an effective approach to promote increased physical activity in the home setting, however, its effectiveness in promoting activity for people with neurological conditions is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objectives of this review were to examine the effectiveness of behaviorally informed RM interventions on physical activity in the home and community and to identify usage and impact of specific behavior change techniques (BCTs) implemented with RM interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were searched in March 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Selection<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included a selection of randomized controlled trials on behaviorally informed RM interventions that use wearable sensors or digital applications to target physical activity for patients with neurological diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Extraction and Synthesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data extraction was performed by 2 independent reviewers and data synthesis was performed with random effects meta-analysis. BCT were classified using Michie\u2019s behavior change technique taxonomy. Promising BCTs were identified by examining the proportion of statistically significant studies for each technique. Risk of bias was assessed with the risk of bias 2 tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The main outcomes and measures included physical activity measured by self-report and accelerometers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fourteen studies were included with some concerns of bias, encompassing individuals with multiple sclerosis, stroke, Parkinson disease, and spinal cord injury. Behaviorally informed RM interventions resulted in statistically significant improvements in self-reported physical activity (SMD\u2009=\u20090.27, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.06 to 49), but not accelerometry outcomes (SMD\u2009=\u20090.52, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u22120.07 to 1.11). Promising BCTs included self-monitoring, problem solving, goal setting, graded tasks, social support, and adding objects to the environment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RM shows initial promise to increase physical activity of people living with neurological conditions when paired with behavior change consultation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzaf117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T11:45:45Z","timestamp":1758627945000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Behaviorally Informed Interventions to Promote Activity in the Home and Community for Adults With Neurological Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0730-478X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amber","family":"LaMarca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Sciences, MGH Institute of Health Professions , Boston, MA 02129 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Institute of Health Professions , Boston, MA 02129 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital , Boston, MA 02129 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rania","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Institute of Health Professions , Boston, MA 02129 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwendolyn","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Institute of Health Professions , Boston, MA 02129 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivy","family":"Tse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Institute of Health Professions , Boston, MA 02129 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Wechsler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Simmons University , Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynne V","family":"Gauthier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell, MA 01854 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Keysor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Sciences, MGH Institute of Health Professions , Boston, MA 02129 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell, MA 01854 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"School of Health Care Leadership, MGH Institute of Health Professions , Boston, MA 02129 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2026072404372037500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30499-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016","volume":"18","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072404372037500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-07754-4","article-title":"Quantifying the amount of physical rehabilitation received by individuals living with neurological conditions in the community: a scoping review","volume":"22","author":"Saumur","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"16","key":"2026072404372037500_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000126280.65777.A4","article-title":"Physical activity and exercise recommendations for stroke survivors","volume":"109","author":"Gordon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026072404372037500_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-015-0281-9","article-title":"A personalized, intense physical rehabilitation program improves walking in people with multiple sclerosis presenting with different levels of disability: a retrospective cohort","volume":"15","author":"Kalron","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"2026072404372037500_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442004","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1442004","article-title":"Effect of high-intensity exercise training on functional recovery after spinal cord injury","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072404372037500_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14935-7","article-title":"The effect of physical activity on health outcomes in people with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury: a rapid systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Johnson","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072404372037500_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20140522","article-title":"Sitting and activity time in people with stroke","volume":"96","author":"English","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"18","key":"2026072404372037500_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2890","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2022.2112626","article-title":"Physical activity levels in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease treated by subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation","volume":"45","author":"Danoudis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026072404372037500_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13214","article-title":"Objective physical activity levels in people with multiple sclerosis: meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Casey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072404372037500_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4405","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07927-5","article-title":"A national survey of physical activity after spinal cord injury","volume":"12","author":"Soriano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026072404372037500_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S61","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000002145","article-title":"Addressing the operational challenges for outpatient stroke rehabilitation","volume":"102","author":"Jenkins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026072404372037500_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000380","article-title":"Behavioral self-management strategies for practice and exercise should be included in neurologic rehabilitation trials and care","volume":"29","author":"Dobkin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072404372037500_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3806","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20053806","article-title":"Multidisciplinary intensive rehabilitation program for people with Parkinson\u2019s disease: gaps between the clinic and real-world mobility","volume":"20","author":"Cohen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072404372037500_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.18043\/ncm.78.5.312","article-title":"Insurance coverage, costs, and barriers to care for outpatient musculoskeletal therapy and rehabilitation services","volume":"78","author":"Carvalho","year":"2017","journal-title":"N C Med J"},{"key":"2026072404372037500_ref15","volume-title":"Social Determinants of Health Series: Transportation and the Role of Hospitals","year":"2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072404372037500_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2004.02.002","article-title":"Physical activity participation among persons with disabilities: barriers and facilitators","volume":"26","author":"Rimmer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072404372037500_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2020.03.018","article-title":"Adherence to physical activity and cardiovascular recommendations during the 2years after stroke rehabilitation discharge","volume":"64","author":"Fini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072404372037500_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1519\/00139143-200708000-00006","article-title":"Adherence to exercise scale for older patients (AESOP): a measure for predicting exercise adherence in older adults after discharge from home health physical therapy","volume":"30","author":"Hardage","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Geriatr Phys Ther 2001"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072404372037500_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0154335","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154335","article-title":"Remote physical activity monitoring in neurological disease: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Block","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026072404372037500_ref20","article-title":"Smartphone ownership is growing rapidly around the world, but not always equally","volume":"5","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pew Research Center\u2019s Global Attitudes Project"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072404372037500_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3390\/bs13010062","article-title":"Digital health behavioural interventions to support physical activity and sedentary behaviour in adults after stroke: a systematic literature review with meta-analysis of controlled trials","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Behav Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026072404372037500_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26931","DOI":"10.2196\/26931","article-title":"Digital interventions on healthy lifestyle management: systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072404372037500_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s13142-013-0234-z","article-title":"How behavioral science can advance digital health","volume":"3","author":"Pagoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transl Behav Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072404372037500_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1519\/JPT.0000000000000095","article-title":"Adherence to technology-based exercise programs in older adults: a systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Valenzuela","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Geriatr Phys Ther 2001"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072404372037500_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23180","DOI":"10.2196\/23180","article-title":"Associations between digital health intervention engagement, physical activity, and sedentary behavior: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Mclaughlin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072404372037500_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-013-9486-6","article-title":"The behavior change technique taxonomy (v1) of 93 hierarchically clustered techniques: building an international consensus for the reporting of behavior change interventions","volume":"46","author":"Michie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med Publ Soc Behav Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026072404372037500_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.08.027","article-title":"Individual and intervention-related factors associated with adherence to home exercise in chronic low back pain: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Beinart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine J Off J North Am Spine Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072404372037500_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1027\/1016-9040\/a000330","article-title":"Developing behavior change interventions for self-Management in Chronic Illness","volume":"24","author":"Ara\u00fajo-Soares","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026072404372037500_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-018-9734-z","article-title":"Interventions to promote healthy eating, physical activity and smoking in low-income groups: a systematic review with meta-analysis of behavior change techniques and delivery\/context","volume":"25","author":"Bull","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Behav Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072404372037500_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2018.09.018","article-title":"Behaviour change techniques applied in interventions to enhance physical activity adherence in patients with chronic musculoskeletal conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"Eisele","year":"2019","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"2026072404372037500_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620383","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2021.620383","article-title":"Behavior change techniques and the effects associated with digital behavior change interventions in sedentary behavior in the clinical population: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Mart\u00edn-Mart\u00edn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Digit Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026072404372037500_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e281","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.7782","article-title":"Behavior change techniques in physical activity eHealth interventions for people with cardiovascular disease: systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Duff","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072404372037500_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-022-01319-8","article-title":"Behaviour change techniques in cardiovascular disease smartphone apps to improve physical activity and sedentary behaviour: systematic review and meta-regression","volume":"19","author":"Patterson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072404372037500_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12222","article-title":"Influence of interventions on daily physical activity and sedentary behavior after stroke: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Kringle","year":"2020","journal-title":"PM R"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026072404372037500_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e019221","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019221","article-title":"What interventions are used to improve exercise adherence in older people and what behavioural techniques are they based on? A systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Room","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026072404372037500_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD012543","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012543.pub2","article-title":"Activity monitors for increasing physical activity in adult stroke survivors","volume":"2019","author":"Lynch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026072404372037500_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3396","DOI":"10.3390\/s23073396","article-title":"Mobile app interventions for Parkinson\u2019s disease, multiple sclerosis and stroke: a systematic literature review","volume":"23","author":"Triantafyllidis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072404372037500_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33157","DOI":"10.2196\/33157","article-title":"Remote assessments of hand function in neurological disorders: systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Gopal","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol"},{"issue":"24","key":"2026072404372037500_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8261","DOI":"10.3390\/s21248261","article-title":"Wearable GPS and accelerometer technologies for monitoring mobility and physical activity in neurodegenerative disorders: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Breasail","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2026072404372037500_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026072404372037500_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026072404372037500_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-2-71","article-title":"Judging the quality of evidence in reviews of prognostic factor research: adapting the GRADE framework","volume":"2","author":"Huguet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026072404372037500_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135","article-title":"Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and\/or interquartile range","volume":"14","author":"Wan","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026072404372037500_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280216669183","article-title":"Optimally estimating the sample mean from the sample size, median, mid-range, and\/or mid-quartile range","volume":"27","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"key":"2026072404372037500_ref45","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Higgins","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026072404372037500_ref46","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072404372037500_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-018-0730-0","article-title":"How should long-term free-living physical activity be targeted after stroke? A systematic review and narrative synthesis","volume":"15","author":"Moore","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072404372037500_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.20f13681","article-title":"Mean difference, standardized mean difference (SMD), and their use in meta-analysis: as simple as it gets","volume":"81","author":"Andrade","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072404372037500_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.7224\/1537-2073.2014-016","article-title":"Does the effect of a physical activity behavioral intervention vary by characteristics of people with multiple sclerosis?","volume":"17","author":"Motl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J MS Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072404372037500_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18010017","article-title":"Effect of a tailored activity pacing intervention on fatigue and physical activity behaviours in adults with multiple sclerosis","volume":"18","author":"Abonie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072404372037500_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzy131","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of mHealth-supported exercise compared with exercise alone for people with Parkinson disease: randomized controlled pilot study","volume":"99","author":"Ellis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026072404372037500_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-022-00787-w","article-title":"Effectiveness and feasibility of the workout on wheels internet intervention (WOWii) for individuals with spinal cord injury: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"60","author":"Froehlich-Grobe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"9 Suppl","key":"2026072404372037500_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.01.039","article-title":"Combining fast-walking training and a step activity monitoring program to improve daily walking activity after stroke: a preliminary study","volume":"97","author":"Danks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072404372037500_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.2019.1691816","article-title":"Impact of mHealth technology on adherence to healthy PA after stroke: a randomized study","volume":"27","author":"Grau-Pellicer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072404372037500_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-017-0717-9","article-title":"Stroke prevention rehabilitation intervention trial of exercise (SPRITE)\u2014a randomised feasibility study","volume":"17","author":"Heron","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072404372037500_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.2022-0087","article-title":"Evaluating the feasibility, acceptability, and engagement of an mHealth physical activity intervention for adults with spinal cord injury who walk: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"45","author":"Lawrason","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Sport Exerc Psychol"},{"key":"2026072404372037500_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9303","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.9303","article-title":"Feasibility of a smartphone app to enhance physical activity in progressive MS: a pilot randomized controlled pilot trial over three months","volume":"8","author":"Nasseri","year":"2020","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026072404372037500_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e185","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.6394","article-title":"Using mHealth technology in a self-management intervention to promote physical activity among adults with chronic disabling conditions: randomized controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Plow","year":"2017","journal-title":"JMIR MHealth UHealth"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072404372037500_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/07370016.2022.2133566","article-title":"Effect of home-based self-management intervention for community-dwelling patients with early Parkinson\u2019s disease: a feasibility study","volume":"40","author":"So","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Community Health Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072404372037500_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.044596","article-title":"Increasing activity after stroke: a randomized controlled trial of high-intensity walking and step activity intervention","volume":"55","author":"Thompson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"2026072404372037500_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"f576","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f576","article-title":"Promotion of physical activity and fitness in sedentary patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: randomised controlled trial","volume":"346","author":"Nimwegen","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026072404372037500_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2016.11.012","article-title":"Results of a feasibility randomised controlled study of the guidelines for exercise in multiple sclerosis project","volume":"54","author":"Learmonth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026072404372037500_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2022.0280","article-title":"The impact of consumer wearable devices on physical activity and adherence to physical activity in patients with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses","volume":"29","author":"Alam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Telemed J E-Health Off J Am Telemed Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072404372037500_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X17733772","article-title":"Effectiveness of remote feedback on physical activity in persons with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"25","author":"Kongstad","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Telemed Telecare"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"2026072404372037500_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obhdp.2020.09.002","article-title":"Behavior change","volume":"161","author":"Duckworth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Organ Behav Hum Decis Process"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072404372037500_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/17437199.2016.1151372","article-title":"Theoretical explanations for maintenance of behaviour change: a systematic review of behaviour theories","volume":"10","author":"Kwasnicka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072404372037500_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215516640863","article-title":"Interventions to improve real-world walking after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Stretton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"2026072404372037500_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20552076231176705","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076231176705","article-title":"The effectiveness of wearable activity trackers for increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary time in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Digit Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026072404372037500_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30284-4","article-title":"Effectiveness of activity trackers with and without incentives to increase physical activity (TRIPPA): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"4","author":"Finkelstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026072404372037500_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.06.018","article-title":"Effects of acute cardiovascular exercise on motor memory encoding and consolidation: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"116","author":"Wanner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2026072404372037500_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2020.107366","article-title":"Acute exercise following skill practice promotes motor memory consolidation in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"178","author":"Wanner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072404372037500_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2006.9.123","article-title":"Feasibility, motivation, and selective motor control: virtual reality compared to conventional home exercise in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"9","author":"Bryanton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology Behav Impact Internet Multimed Virtual Real Behav Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072404372037500_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-021-00850-2","article-title":"Comparison of neuromuscular and cardiovascular exercise intensity and enjoyment between standard of care, off-the-shelf and custom active video games for promotion of physical activity of persons post-stroke","volume":"18","author":"Deutsch","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroengineering Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072404372037500_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21010079","article-title":"Leveraging emerging technologies to expand accessibility and improve precision in rehabilitation and exercise for people with disabilities","volume":"21","author":"Willingham","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026072404372037500_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e058229","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-058229","article-title":"Behaviour change techniques that constitute effective planning interventions to improve physical activity and diet behaviour for people with chronic conditions: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026072404372037500_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968314562113","article-title":"Strategy training shows promise for addressing disability in the first 6 months after stroke","volume":"29","author":"Skidmore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072404372037500_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1177\/1539449218758618","article-title":"Examining guided and directed cues in strategy training and usual rehabilitation","volume":"38","author":"Rouch","year":"2018","journal-title":"OTJR Occup Particip Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072404372037500_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.12968\/ijtr.2015.22.5.210","article-title":"Patient engagement and satisfaction with goal planning: impact on outcome from rehabilitation","volume":"22","author":"Turner-Stokes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Ther Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072404372037500_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4197-8","article-title":"Adaptive goal setting and financial incentives: a 2 \u00d7 2 factorial randomized controlled trial to increase adults\u2019 physical activity","volume":"17","author":"Adams","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072404372037500_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.11.003","article-title":"Applying behavior change techniques to support client outcomes in outpatient neurorehabilitation: a clinician guide","volume":"104","author":"Gauthier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2026072404372037500_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-8-115","article-title":"Synthesising practice guidelines for the development of community-based exercise programmes after stroke","volume":"8","author":"Poltawski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Implement Sci IS"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072404372037500_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-018-0814-x","article-title":"Are healthcare professionals delivering opportunistic behaviour change interventions? A multi-professional survey of engagement with public health policy","volume":"13","author":"Keyworth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Implement Sci IS"},{"key":"2026072404372037500_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-017-0084-y","article-title":"Are we missing opportunities? Physiotherapy and physical activity promotion: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"9","author":"Freene","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072404372037500_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1519\/JPT.0000000000000289","article-title":"Physical activity promotion attitudes and practices among outpatient physical therapists: results of a national survey","volume":"44","author":"Rethorn","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Geriatr Phys Ther 2001"},{"issue":"20","key":"2026072404372037500_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2751","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11202751","article-title":"Rehabilitation technologies for chronic conditions: will we sink or swim?","volume":"11","author":"LaMarca","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthc Basel Switz"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072404372037500_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-021-00728-z","article-title":"Predicting physical activity intensity using raw accelerometer signals in manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury","volume":"60","author":"Shwetar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072404372037500_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.08.019","article-title":"Approaches to promote reduction in sedentary behavior in patients with minor ischemic stroke: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"103","author":"Ashizawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"}],"container-title":["Physical Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ptj\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ptj\/pzaf117\/64353071\/pzaf117.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ptj\/article-pdf\/105\/11\/pzaf117\/64353071\/pzaf117.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ptj\/article-pdf\/105\/11\/pzaf117\/64353071\/pzaf117.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T08:37:33Z","timestamp":1784882253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ptj\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ptj\/pzaf117\/8262227"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ptj\/pzaf117","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9023","1538-6724"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9023","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-6724","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"article-number":"pzaf117"}}