{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:33:11Z","timestamp":1787009591767,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002202","name":"Toronto Rehabilitation Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002202","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009663","name":"University Health Network","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP), rehabilitation aims to increase movement of the affected arm. However, no validated measure objectively examines this construct in pediatric practice or daily life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the criterion and known-groups validity of accelerometry as a measure of arm movement in children and adolescents with HCP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a prospective cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-seven children and adolescents with typical development (3.4\u201313.9 years old) and 11 children and adolescents with HCP (4.7\u201314.7 years old; Manual Ability Classification System rating I or II) wore accelerometers on their wrists while engaged in 20 minutes of play, which included intermittent intervals of stillness and vigorous movement of the arms. Vector magnitude (VM) values identified the presence (VM &amp;gt; 2.0 counts per epoch) and absence (VM \u2264 2.0 counts per epoch) of arm movement for every 2-second epoch. Video was simultaneously recorded; each 2-second interval of footage was scored as \u201cmovement\u201d or \u201cno movement\u201d for each arm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Agreement between accelerometry and video observation was greater than or equal to 81%, and the prevalence-adjusted and bias-adjusted \u03ba value was greater than or equal to 0.69 for both groups of participants; these results supported the criterion validity of accelerometry. The ratio of nondominant arm movement to dominant arm movement measured by accelerometry was significantly greater in participants with typical development (mean [SD]\u00a0=\u00a00.87 [0.09]) than in participants with HCP (mean\u00a0=\u00a00.78 [0.07]) on the basis of 10 age- and sex-matched pairs; these results supported known-groups validity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The small sample size of the group with HCP prevented the stratification of data by age. Participants with HCP had high or moderately high function of the affected arm; hence, the findings do not apply to children and adolescents with more significant hemiparesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Accelerometry is a valid measure of arm movement in children with HCP and children without HCP. These findings contribute to the development of innovative upper limb assessments for children with hemiparesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzz022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]],"date-time":"2019-02-22T07:23:38Z","timestamp":1550820218000},"page":"721-729","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Validating Accelerometry as a Measure of Arm Movement for Children With Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Jaclyn","family":"Dawe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto; and Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaynie F","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine; and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darcy","family":"Fehlings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto; Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto; and Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jirapat","family":"Likitlersuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network; and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Rumney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bloorview Research Institute; and Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Zariffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network; and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8336-8211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin E","family":"Musselman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto; SCI Mobility Lab, Lyndhurst Centre, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-UHN, 520 Sutherland Dr, Toronto, ON, M4G 3V9, Canada; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network; and Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of 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