{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T01:51:50Z","timestamp":1793497910133,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]],"date-time":"2019-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Monash University Maxwell King"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Balance Intensity Scales (BIS) have been developed to measure the intensity of balance exercise in older adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective was to determine whether the BIS for therapists (BIS-T) and for exercisers (BIS-E) are unidimensional measures of balance exercise intensity, able to be refined using the Rasch model into a hierarchical item order, and appropriately targeted for the older adult population with a variety of diagnoses in a range of exercise testing settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a scale development study using a pragmatic mixed-methods approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Older adult exercisers (n = 108) and their therapists (n = 33) were recruited from a large metropolitan health service and rated balance exercise tasks on the BIS-T and BIS-E in a single session.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Scores on both the BIS items and global effort ratings for therapists and exercisers had good correlation and demonstrated unidimensionality. The BIS-T and BIS-E demonstrated a hierarchical distribution of items that fit the Rasch model. The Person Separation Index was moderate (0.62) for the BIS-T but poor (0.33) for the BIS-E.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title><jats:p>The limitations were that therapists in this study underprescribed high-intensity balance tasks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Initial validation of the BIS-T and the BIS-E demonstrated that these scales can be used for the measurement of balance exercise intensity in older adult populations. The BIS-T items and global effort ratings are recommended for use by therapists, and the global effort ratings are recommended for use by exercisers. Ongoing validation of both scales using high-intensity balance task ratings and different populations of older adults is recommended.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzz092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,8]],"date-time":"2019-07-08T11:08:40Z","timestamp":1562584120000},"page":"1394-1404","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The Balance Intensity Scales for Therapists and Exercisers Measure Balance Exercise Intensity in Older Adults: Initial Validation Using Rasch Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Melanie K","family":"Farlie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Certificate Health Professional Education, Allied Health Research Unit, Monash Health, Kingston Centre , Warrigal Rd, Cheltenham, Victoria, 3192 Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University , Frankston, Victoria, 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