{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T16:34:44Z","timestamp":1759336484830,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]],"date-time":"2019-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1560717"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1560717"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although the evidence suggests that general fatigue is a strong indicator of rapid aging, frailty, and disability, general fatigue is undertreated in gerontological care.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this study is to investigate whether an individualized exercise program with and without behavioral change enhancement (BCE) strategies for older people who are frail and have general fatigue will reduce their fatigue and symptoms of frailty.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A 3-arm, single-blind, cluster randomized controlled trial registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03394495) will be conducted.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study will be conducted in a community setting.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Two hundred eighty-five community-dwelling older people with general fatigue will be recruited from 12 district community health centers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>People from each center will be randomized to one of three groups. The combined group will receive a 16-week combined intervention consisting of individualized exercise training and the BCE program, plus two booster sessions at 2 and 6\u00a0months after the program. The exercise group will receive exercise training and health talks only. The control group will receive health talks only.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Outcome measures will be collected at baseline, at the midpoint (week 8) of the program, and then at 1\u00a0week, 6\u00a0months, and 12\u00a0months after the end of the program. The primary outcome---level of fatigue---will be measured using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory. Secondary outcomes will include the participants\u2019 frailty status, strength, mobility, exercise self-efficacy, and habitual physical activity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A self-reported level of fatigue will be used.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The effect of exercise and BCE strategies on general fatigue among older people who are frail is not known. This study will be a pioneering interventional study on how general fatigue among older people who are frail can be managed and how fatigue-related frailty can be prevented or minimized.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzz130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]],"date-time":"2019-09-05T11:42:32Z","timestamp":1567683752000},"page":"1616-1627","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of an Individualized Exercise Program Plus Behavioral Change Enhancement Strategies for Managing Fatigue in Older People Who Are Frail: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Justina Y W","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick P K","family":"Kor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Gerontological Nursing , School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul L","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wai T","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Nethersole School of Nursing, Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parco M","family":"Siu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith D","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GradDipPhysio, BAppSc (Physio), School of 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