{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T03:57:30Z","timestamp":1781668650665,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]],"date-time":"2020-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Saudi Ministry of Education"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Epidemiological studies from Europe and North America have provided evidence that exposure to air pollution can aggravate symptoms in asthmatic patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Daily number of AEDv, air pollution levels (PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and CO) and meteorological variables was obtained from Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia, for the period of 2007\u201311. Data were analyzed using a time-series approach. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated using Poisson regression.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The associations between AEDv and PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2 remained positive and statistically significant after mutual adjustment in the multi-pollutant model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The RR of AEDv increased by 5.4, 4.4, 3.4 and 2.2% per an inter-quartile range increase in SO2 (2.0\u00a0ppb), PM2.5 (36\u00a0\u03bcg\/m3), NO2 (7.6\u00a0ppb) and PM10 (140\u00a0\u03bcg\/m3), respectively. No significant associations between AEDv and CO were found.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Current levels of ambient air pollution are associated with AEDv in this industrial setting in the Middle East. Greater awareness of environmental health protection and the implementation of effective measures to improve the quality of air in such settings would be beneficial to public health.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdaa035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]],"date-time":"2020-02-18T12:15:53Z","timestamp":1582028153000},"page":"e45-e53","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Short-term effects of air pollution on daily asthma-related emergency department visits in an industrial city"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Salem M","family":"AlBalawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health and Society, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear NE2 4AA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Namdeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Engineering Group, School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear NE1 7RU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Hodgson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Pless-Mulloli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health and Society, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear NE2 4AA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J Q","family":"McNally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health and Society, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear NE2 4AA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021041306050372000_ref1","volume-title":"Effects of Air Pollution on Children's Health and Development: A Review of the Evidence","author":"WHO","year":"2005"},{"key":"2021041306050372000_ref2","volume-title":"Ambient Air Pollution: A Global Assessment of Exposure and Burden of Disease","author":"WHO","year":"2016"},{"key":"2021041306050372000_ref3","volume-title":"Monitoring Ambient Air Quality for Health Impact Assessment","author":"WHO","year":"1999"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021041306050372000_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007657810096","article-title":"Modelling asthma epidemics on the relationship between air pollution and asthma emergency visits in Barcelona, Spain","volume":"15","author":"Tob\u00edas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2021041306050372000_ref5","volume-title":"Environmental Epidemiology. 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