{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:20:04Z","timestamp":1790792404325,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]],"date-time":"2020-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016270","name":"Global Challenges Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Middle East and North Africa","award":["R4HC-MENA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R4HC-MENA"]}]},{"name":"Middle East and North Africa","award":["ES\/P010962\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/P010962\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite lacking capacity and resources, the health system in the northwest Syria is using innovative approaches for the containment of COVID-19. Lessons drawn from previous outbreaks in the region, such as the polio outbreak in 2013 and the annual seasonal influenza, have enabled the Early Warning and Response Network, a surveillance system to develop mechanisms of predicting risk and strengthening surveillance for the new pandemic. Social media tools such as WhatsApp are effectively collecting health information and communicating health messaging about COVID-19. Community engagement has also been scaled up, mobilizing local resources and encouraging thousands of volunteers to join the \u2018Volunteers against Corona\u2019 campaign. Bottom-up local governance technical entities, such as Idleb Health Directorate and the White Helmets, have played key leadership role in the response. These efforts need to be scaled up to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 in a region chronically affected by a complex armed conflict.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdaa068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]],"date-time":"2020-05-05T11:11:49Z","timestamp":1588677109000},"page":"504-509","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["COVID-19 response in northwest Syria: innovation and community engagement in a complex conflict"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Abdulkarim","family":"Ekzayez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Conflict and Health Research Group and R4HC-MENA, King\u2019s College London, UK"},{"name":"Syrian Public Health Network, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munzer","family":"al-Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Idleb Health Directorate, Idleb, Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Jasiem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Early Warning and Response Network (EWARN), The Assistance Coordination Unit, Gaziantep, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raed","family":"Al Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"White Helmets (Syria Civil Defence), Idleb, Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zedoun","family":"Alzoubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Idleb Health Directorate, Idleb, Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen","family":"Meagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conflict and Health Research Group and R4HC-MENA, King\u2019s College London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preeti","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conflict and Health Research Group and R4HC-MENA, King\u2019s College London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020081903165251900_ref1","article-title":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report \u2013 102","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2020"},{"key":"2020081903165251900_ref2","article-title":"Covid-19 presents people in the crosshairs of conflict with a terrifying new threat","author":"Maurer","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Guardian"},{"key":"2020081903165251900_ref3","article-title":"COVID-19 and conflict: seven trends to watch","author":"International Crisis Group","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crisis Group Special Briefing N\u00b04"},{"key":"2020081903165251900_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13031-020-00296-8","article-title":"COVID-19 control in low-income settings and displaced populations: what can realistically be done? 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