{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T09:50:00Z","timestamp":1778925000826,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]],"date-time":"2020-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Essen University Medicine Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Healthcare professionals (HPs) are the key figures to keep up the healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic and thus are one of the most vulnerable groups in this. To this point, the extent of this psychological burden, especially in Europe and Germany, remains unclear. This is the first study investigating German HPs after the COVID-19 outbreak.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We performed an online-based cross-sectional study after the COVID-19 outbreak in Germany (10\u201331 March 2020). In total, 2224 HPs (physicians n\u00a0=\u00a0492, nursing staff n\u00a0=\u00a01511, paramedics n\u00a0=\u00a0221) and 10\u00a0639 non-healthcare professionals (nHPs) were assessed including generalized anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-2), current health status (EQ-5D-3L), COVID-19-related fear, subjective level of information regarding COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HPs showed less generalized anxiety, depression and COVID-19-related fear and higher health status and subjective level of information regarding COVID-19 than the nHPs. Within the HP groups, nursing staff were the most psychologically burdened. Subjective levels of information regarding COVID-19 correlated negatively with generalized anxiety levels across all groups. Among HPs, nursing staff showed the highest and paramedics the lowest generalized anxiety levels.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the context of COVID-19, German HPs seem to be less psychological burdened than nHPs, and also less burdened compared with existing international data.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdaa124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]],"date-time":"2020-07-07T11:13:34Z","timestamp":1594120414000},"page":"688-695","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Psychological burden of healthcare professionals in Germany during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: differences and similarities in the international context"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Eva-Maria","family":"Skoda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Teufel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Stang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl-Heinz","family":"J\u00f6ckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Junne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72074 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Weism\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madeleine","family":"Hetkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Venja","family":"Musche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Kohler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"D\u00f6rrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Schweda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, 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