{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T01:31:11Z","timestamp":1772155871791,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014609","name":"Public Health Wales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014609","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Homelessness is an extreme form of social exclusion, with homeless people experiencing considerable social and health inequities. Estimates of morbidity and mortality amongst homeless populations is limited due to the lack of recording of housing status across health datasets. The aim of this study is to: (i) identify a homelessness e-cohort by linking routine health data in Wales, and (ii) explore whether a period of reported past homelessness, places this population at greater risk of morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Homelessness identified through linkage across primary, secondary care and substance misuse datasets in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. Mortality was examined through linkage to the Office for National Statistics mortality data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>E-cohort of 15\u00a0472 individuals with lived experience of homelessness identified. Of those, 21 individuals died between February and July 2020 involving coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). Those with lived experience of homelessness had increased mortality from many causes including accidents, liver diseases and suicides.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Linking multiple routine datasets provides a more comprehensive dataset of a marginalized population, including individuals who are not included in government homeless statistics. Application of the cohort demonstrated that individuals with lived experience of homelessness have increased mortality involving COVID-19 and other causes. The underlying reasons, health needs and causes of death warrant further exploration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdab180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T23:15:37Z","timestamp":1621293337000},"page":"805-809","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Creating an e-cohort of individuals with lived experience of homelessness and subsequent mortality in Wales, UK"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Jiao","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research & Evaluation Division , Knowledge Directorate, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, CF10 4BZ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte N B","family":"Grey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research & Evaluation Division , Knowledge Directorate, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, CF10 4BZ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alisha R","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research & Evaluation Division , Knowledge Directorate, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, CF10 4BZ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022120122525399500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2020-214401","article-title":"The COVID-19 pandemic and health inequalities","author":"Bambra","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health."},{"issue":"April","key":"2022120122525399500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e186","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30053-0","article-title":"COVID-19: a potential public health problem for homeless populations","author":"Tsai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Public Heal."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022120122525399500_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-017-0646-3","article-title":"Social conditions of becoming homelessness: Qualitative analysis of life stories of homeless peoples","volume":"16","author":"Mabhala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health."},{"key":"2022120122525399500_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/ns.2018.e11155","volume-title":"Nursing Standard","author":"Dorney-smith","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022120122525399500_ref5","first-page":"45","article-title":"Homeless research and policy development: examples from the Nordic Countries","volume":"10","author":"Benjaminsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Homelessness."},{"issue":"10117","key":"2022120122525399500_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31869-X","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality in homeless individuals, prisoners, sex workers, and individuals with substance use disorders in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"391","author":"Aldridge","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet [Internet]"},{"key":"2022120122525399500_ref7","volume-title":"Public Health Wales NHS Trust.","author":"Grey","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2002","key":"2022120122525399500_ref8","first-page":"75","article-title":"Snakes and ladders: women\u2019s pathways into and out of homelessness","volume":"2001","author":"Casey","year":"1995","journal-title":"Compet Visef Proc Natl Soc Policy Conf"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022120122525399500_ref9","first-page":"19","article-title":"The ETHOS definition and classification of homelessness: an analysis","volume":"5","author":"Amore","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Homelessness [Internet]."},{"key":"2022120122525399500_ref10","first-page":"1","article-title":"There is no excuse for homelessness in Britain in 2018\u2014homelessness is a neon sign that something is fundamentally wrong","volume":"360","author":"Adebowale","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"2022120122525399500_ref11","volume-title":"Tackling Homelessness and Exclusion: Understanding Complex Lives","author":"McDonagh","year":"2011"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022120122525399500_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2009.60.4.465","article-title":"Risk factors for homelessness: evidence from a population-based study","volume":"60","author":"Shelton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv."},{"key":"2022120122525399500_ref13","volume-title":"Homeless and Inclusion Health Standards for Commissioners and Service Providers","author":"The Faculty for Homeless and Inclusion Health","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022120122525399500_ref14","volume-title":"Statistical Bulletin. Deaths of Homeless people in England and Wales: 2013 to 2017 [Internet]","author":"Georgeson","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022120122525399500_ref15","volume-title":"Coronavirus and Deaths of Homeless People, England and Wales: Deaths Registered up to 26 June 2020 [Internet]","author":"Georgeson","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022120122525399500_ref16","volume-title":"Homelessness Research in Europe","author":"Edgar","year":"2010"},{"key":"2022120122525399500_ref17","volume-title":"Danger Zones and Stepping Stones: Young People\u2019s Experiences of Hidden Homelessness","author":"Mccoy","year":"2016"},{"key":"2022120122525399500_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-9-157","article-title":"The SAIL Databank: building a national architecture for e-health research and evaluation","volume":"9","author":"Ford","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022120122525399500_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-9-3","article-title":"The SAIL databank: linking multiple health and social care datasets","volume":"9","author":"Lyons","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak."},{"key":"2022120122525399500_ref20","volume-title":"National Level Population Estimates by Year, Age and UK Country [Internet]. StatsWales","author":"Welsh Government","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022120122525399500_ref21","volume-title":"[Dataset]: Extended Data File 3: ICD-10 Codes Used to Classify Underlying Causes of Death Groups in Figure 2","author":"Aldridge","year":"2019"},{"issue":"May","key":"2022120122525399500_ref22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Causes of death among homeless people\u00a0: a population-based cross-sectional study of linked hospitalisation and mortality data in England","author":"Aldridge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wellcome OPen Res"},{"issue":"26","key":"2022120122525399500_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E716","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.200834","article-title":"COVID-19 and people experiencing homelessness: challenges and mitigation strategies","volume":"192","author":"Perri","year":"2020","journal-title":"CMAJ."},{"key":"2022120122525399500_ref24","volume-title":"Homelessness Applying All Our Health [Internet]","author":"Public Health England","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022120122525399500_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1108\/HCS-06-2016-0003","article-title":"\u201cThere is still a perception that homelessness is a housing problem\u201d: devolution, homelessness and health in the UK","volume":"19","author":"Whiteford","year":"2016","journal-title":"Housing, Care Support."}],"container-title":["Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article-pdf\/44\/4\/805\/47469928\/fdab180.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article-pdf\/44\/4\/805\/47469928\/fdab180.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T17:54:03Z","timestamp":1669917243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article\/44\/4\/805\/6297493"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,12]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pubmed\/fdab180","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.12.15.20248252","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1741-3842","1741-3850"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-3842","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3850","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,12]]}}}