{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T01:29:29Z","timestamp":1787880569801,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]],"date-time":"2021-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate excess mortality in Brazil from January 2020 to April 2021, according to the primary causes of death registered in the Brazilian Mortality Information System (MIS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional study with data extracted from the MIS. Excess deaths were examined by the primary cause of death according to 11 grouped causes. Autoregressive models used mortality data from 2015 to 2019 to predict expected deaths from January 2020 to April 2021. Excess deaths were calculated as the difference between the observed and the expected number of deaths.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Total excess deaths of 370\u00a0055 were observed in the studied period, corresponding to a ratio of observed to expected of 1.14 in 2020 and 1.40 in 2021. Excess deaths were seen in three groups: symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified; other diseases of the respiratory system and coronavirus infection, unspecified site.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The excess mortality in Brazil in these 16\u00a0months was 1.20 times greater than the previous year. The increase in not elsewhere classified causes and causes of death associated to COVID-19 indicate caution about the negative balance for some causes. Furthermore, the inequalities of mortality reporting systems in low- and middle-income countries in relation to underestimation of mortality still need to be addressed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdab398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T20:12:40Z","timestamp":1639685560000},"page":"e7-e9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Excess mortality associated with COVID-19 in Brazil: 2020\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5140-3622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L B","family":"Nucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC-Campinas) , Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Campinas, SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4634-4402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C C","family":"Enes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC-Campinas) , Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Campinas, SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F R","family":"Ferraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health , University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I V","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health , University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A E M","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine , Federal University of Uberl\u00e2ndia (UFU), Uberl\u00e2ndia, MG Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W L","family":"Conde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health , University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023031519071445500_","article-title":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Painel de casos de doen\u00e7a pelo coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) no Brasil","author":"Brasil","year":"2021"},{"key":"2023031519071445500_","article-title":"WHO coronavirus","author":"World Health Organization","journal-title":"WHO website"},{"key":"2023031519071445500_","first-page":"1","article-title":"Correcting under-reported COVID-19 case numbers: estimating the true scale of the pandemic","author":"Jagodnik","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv."},{"issue":"10234","key":"2023031519071445500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30933-8","article-title":"COVID-19: a need for real-time monitoring of weekly excess deaths","volume":"395","author":"Leon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023031519071445500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.2991\/jegh.k.200628.001","article-title":"Rapid estimation of excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal -beyond reported deaths","volume":"10","author":"Vieira","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Glob Health."},{"key":"2023031519071445500_","article-title":"Sistema de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o sobre Mortalidade (SIM) - Dados Abertos-Centrais de Conte\u00fados - DASNT-SVS\/MS","author":"Brasil. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade"},{"key":"2023031519071445500_","article-title":"Weekly provisional counts of deaths by state and select causes, 2020-2021","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023031519071445500_","first-page":"1","article-title":"Community factors and excess mortality in first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in England","volume":"12","author":"Davies","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun [Internet]."},{"key":"2023031519071445500_","article-title":"Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) [Internet]","author":"Ritchie","year":"2020","journal-title":"OurWorldInData.org."}],"container-title":["Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article-pdf\/45\/1\/e7\/49527092\/fdab398.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article-pdf\/45\/1\/e7\/49527092\/fdab398.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T10:19:45Z","timestamp":1699957185000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article\/45\/1\/e7\/6491013"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pubmed\/fdab398","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-3842","1741-3850"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-3842","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3850","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]]}}}