{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T10:12:50Z","timestamp":1770459170337,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to assess the risk factors and predictors of violence among patients admitted to a Level 1 trauma center in a single institution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who were admitted with a history of violence between 2012 and 2016.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 9855 trauma patients were admitted, of whom 746 (7.6%) had a history of violence prior to the index admission. Patients who had history of violence were younger and more likely to be males, Black, Hispanic and covered by low-income primary payer in comparison to non-assault trauma patients (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001 for all). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that covariate-adjusted predictors of violence were being Black, male having low-income primary payer, Asian, drug user, alcohol intoxicated and smoker.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Violence is a major problem among young age subjects with certain demographic, social and ethnic characteristics. Trauma centers should establish violence injury prevention programs for youth and diverse communities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdac010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T04:20:22Z","timestamp":1643170822000},"page":"245-258","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Risk factors and predictors of violence: insights from the emergency department at a level 1 trauma center in the USA"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2584-953X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayman","family":"El-Menyar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery , Clinical Research Trauma and Vascular Surgery at Hamad Medical corporation (P.O. Box 3050) & Clinical Medicine, , Doha, Qatar"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medical School (P.O. Box 24144) , Clinical Research Trauma and Vascular Surgery at Hamad Medical corporation (P.O. Box 3050) & Clinical Medicine, , Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priya","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Clinical Research, Westchester Medical Center , Valhalla, NY 10595, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Samson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Clinical Research, Westchester Medical Center , Valhalla, NY 10595, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Tilley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation , North Central Bronx, NY 10467, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saranda","family":"Gashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Neuro Center , Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kartik","family":"Prabhakaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Westchester Medical Center & New York Medical College , Valhalla, NY 10595, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rifat","family":"Latifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Westchester Medical Center & New York Medical College , Valhalla, NY 10595, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023031519080499900_"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2005.043711","article-title":"Violence: a glossary","volume":"61","author":"Rutherford","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","volume-title":"Web-based injury statistics query and reporting system (WISQARS)","author":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2016.06.051","article-title":"Recurrent violent injury: magnitude, risk factors, and opportunities for intervention from a statewide analysis","volume":"34","author":"Kaufman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2014.11.003","article-title":"Hospital-centered violence intervention programs: a cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"209","author":"Chong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2016.04.027","article-title":"Risk factors for recurrent violent injury among black men","volume":"204","author":"Richardson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001823","article-title":"Trauma recidivism predicts long-term mortality: missed opportunities for prevention (retrospective cohort study)","volume":"265","author":"Strong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2011-040159","article-title":"Bellis MAData sharing for prevention: a case study in the development of a comprehensive emergency department injury surveillance system and its use in preventing violence and alcohol-related harms","volume":"18","author":"Quigg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inj Prev"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11133-0","volume-title":"World Report on Violence and Health","author":"Krug","year":"2002"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2005.043711","article-title":"Violence: a glossary","volume":"61","author":"Rutherford","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-016-1892-6","article-title":"Validation of trauma scales: ISS, NISS, RTS and TRISS for predicting mortality in a Colombian population","volume":"27","author":"Valderrama-Molina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(97)70199-9","article-title":"Emergency department patients with assault injuries: previous injury and assault convictions","volume":"29","author":"Moscovitz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(98)70011-3","article-title":"Indicators of assault-related injuries among women presenting to the emergency department","volume":"32","author":"Fanslow","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1067\/men.2001.116214","article-title":"Characteristics of the trauma recidivist: an exploratory descriptive study","volume":"27","author":"Keough","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Emerg Nurs"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200207000-00007","article-title":"Prevalence of domestic violence and associated factors among women on a trauma service","volume":"53","author":"Melnick","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1197\/aemj.10.7.764","article-title":"Violence and substance use among an injured emergency department population","volume":"10","author":"Cunningham","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.4.931","article-title":"Adolescent assault injury: risk and protective factors and locations of contact for intervention","volume":"112","author":"Cheng","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","first-page":"86","article-title":"Violently injured patients seen in the emergency department of Barnes-Jewish Hospital: a descriptive study of context, future views and spirituality","volume":"105","author":"Hong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mo Med"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260507313966","article-title":"Individual-level and socio-structural characteristics of violence: an emergency department study","volume":"23","author":"Boyle","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jen.2007.10.015","article-title":"Visits coded as intimate partner violence in emergency departments: characteristics of the individuals and the system as reported in a national survey of emergency departments","volume":"34","author":"Btoush","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Emerg Nurs"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318226eb39","article-title":"Homicide as a medical outcome: racial disparity in deaths from assault in US level I and II trauma centers","volume":"72","author":"Harris","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e96","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-1864","article-title":"Characteristics of youth seeking emergency care for assault injuries","volume":"133","author":"Cunningham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2014.07.053","article-title":"United States emergency department visits coded for intimate partner violence","volume":"48","author":"Davidov","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09754-7","article-title":"Violence -related injuries in a rapidly developing middle eastern country: a retrospective study from a level 1 trauma center","volume":"20","author":"Mollazehi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.11.014","article-title":"Before and after the trauma bay: the prevention of violent injury among youth","volume":"53","author":"Cunningham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","first-page":"991","article-title":"Where should we implement emergency department secondary prevention programs for youth injured by violence?","volume":"69","author":"Snider","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000527","article-title":"Saving lives and saving money: hospital-based violence intervention is cost-effective","volume":"78","author":"Juillard","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510340045032","article-title":"A longitudinal study of injury morbidity in an African-American population","volume":"271","author":"Schwarz","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"304","key":"2023031519080499900_","first-page":"1","article-title":"National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 1997 emergency department summary","author":"Nourjah","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adv Data"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.044560","article-title":"Pathways to recurrent trauma among young Black men: traumatic stress, substance use, and the code of the street","volume":"95","author":"Rich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.135.7.837","article-title":"Repeat victims of violence: report of a large concurrent case-control study","volume":"135","author":"Cooper","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000486","article-title":"Association between intentional injury and long-term survival after trauma","volume":"259","author":"Haider","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1017\/S1481803500014998","article-title":"Emergency department dispositions among 4100 youth injured by violence: a population-based study","volume":"9","author":"Snider","year":"2007","journal-title":"CJEM"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1177\/002204268501500406","article-title":"The drugs\/violence nexus: a tripartite conceptual framework","volume":"15","author":"Goldstein","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Drug Issues"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.10.3.183","article-title":"Repeat victims of violence in an urban trauma center","volume":"10","author":"Buss","year":"1995","journal-title":"Violence Vict"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.2008.00123.x","article-title":"The effects of residential turnover on household victimization","volume":"46","author":"Xie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crim"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence victimization--national intimate partner and sexual violence survey, United States, 2011","volume":"63","author":"Breiding","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(02)00514-7","article-title":"Physical and mental health effects of intimate partner violence for men and women","volume":"23","author":"Coker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2008.02.005","article-title":"Chronic disease and health risk behaviors associated with intimate partner violence-18 U.S. states\/territories, 2005","volume":"18","author":"Breiding","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","first-page":"1","volume-title":"World Report on Violence and Health","author":"Dahlberg","year":"2002"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1330.001","article-title":"Why is violence more common where inequality is greater?","volume":"1036","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"100","key":"2023031519080499900_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.12.006","article-title":"Violence as a public health problem: an ecological study of 169 countries","volume":"104","author":"Wolf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2023031519080499900_","author":"Youth violence"}],"container-title":["Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article-pdf\/45\/1\/245\/49527301\/fdac010.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article-pdf\/45\/1\/245\/49527301\/fdac010.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T08:22:13Z","timestamp":1700122933000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article\/45\/1\/245\/6528572"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pubmed\/fdac010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-3842","1741-3850"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-3842","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3850","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]}}}