{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:33:07Z","timestamp":1787009587179,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Fellowship","award":["200306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200306"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Esports fans are a target audience for gambling companies wanting to attract the next generation of bettors to their products. As with other sports, professional esports teams have commercial sponsorship arrangements. Our paper seeks to document the level of gambling sponsorship of the world\u2019s top esports teams.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review of the commercial arrangements between the top 20 esports clubs across three of the most followed esports titles was undertaken: Dota 2, League of Legends (LoL) and CS:GO. Data were scraped online relating to the top 20 teams competing at their respective major tournaments between October and November 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Half of the esports teams in Dota 2 and CS:GO\u2019s world championship events in 2021 were sponsored by gambling companies. Teams sponsored by gambling companies have a combined total of 25\u00a0868\u00a0912 followers across three major social media channels. No LoL teams were sponsored by gambling companies, yet sibling teams within the CS:GO and Dota 2 competitions were.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The relationship between gambling companies\u2019 sponsorship in esports should be considered in line with the calls for change in the relationship between football and gambling with gambling as a public health issue at its heart.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdac167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T10:59:55Z","timestamp":1680260395000},"page":"636-644","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Targeting the next generation of gamblers? Gambling sponsorship of esports teams"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5733-0164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blair","family":"Biggar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Zendle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of York , North Yorkshire YO10 5DD , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Wardle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023083113321095800_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106671","article-title":"Esports matrix: structuring the esports research agenda","volume":"117","author":"Cranmer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"2023083113321095800_ref2","volume-title":"Dota 2 Sets Audience, Prize Records at The International 10","author":"Murray","year":"2021"},{"key":"2023083113321095800_ref3","volume-title":"Top 10 Highest Viewed Esports Events of 2021","author":"Daniels","year":"2021"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023083113321095800_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1089\/glr2.2017.21813","article-title":"Game on: comparison of demographic profiles, consumption behaviors, and gambling site selection criteria of esports and sports bettors","volume":"21","author":"Gainsbury","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gaming Law Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023083113321095800_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2021.00039","article-title":"Are esports bettors a new generation of harmed gamblers? A comparison with sports bettors on gambling involvement, problems, and harm","volume":"10","author":"Greer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"key":"2023083113321095800_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-74910-1","volume-title":"Games Without Frontiers?: Socio-historical Perspectives at the Gaming\/Gambling Intersection","author":"Wardle","year":"2021"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023083113321095800_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444820908510","article-title":"What predicts esports betting? A study on consumption of video games, esports, gambling and demographic factors","volume":"23","author":"Macey","year":"2021","journal-title":"New Media Soc"},{"key":"2023083113321095800_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.11.027","article-title":"Investigating relationships between video gaming, spectating esports, and gambling","volume":"80","author":"Macey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023083113321095800_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1080\/14660970.2018.1425682","article-title":"Shirt sponsorship by gambling companies in the English and Scottish Premier Leagues: global reach and public health concerns","volume":"20","author":"Bunn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soccer Soc"},{"key":"2023083113321095800_ref10","volume-title":"Commercial Determinants of Health in Sport. The Example of the English Premier League","author":"Ireland","year":"2021"},{"issue":"April","key":"2023083113321095800_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2020.02.012","article-title":"Examining the frequency and nature of gambling marketing in televised broadcasts of professional sporting events in the United Kingdom","volume":"184","author":"Purves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"2023083113321095800_ref12","volume-title":"Young People and Gambling Survey 2019. A Research Study Among 11-16-Year-Olds in Great Britain","author":"Gambling Commission","year":"2019"},{"key":"2023083113321095800_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107440","article-title":"The association between gambling marketing and unplanned gambling spend: synthesised findings from two online cross-sectional surveys","volume":"135","author":"Wardle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"2023083113321095800_ref14","volume-title":"About the Big Step Campaign","author":"The Big Step"},{"key":"2023083113321095800_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-021-10015-4","article-title":"Online gambling activity, pay-to-win payments, motivation to gamble and coping strategies as predictors of gambling disorder among e-sports bettors","volume":"37","author":"Lelonek-Kuleta","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023083113321095800_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2021.00045","article-title":"Between two worlds: exploring esports betting in relation to problem gambling, gaming, and mental health problems","volume":"10","author":"Marchica","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023083113321095800_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1089\/glr2.2021.0013","article-title":"Towards an understanding of esports gambling: demographic and clinical characteristics of youth esports bettors","volume":"25","author":"Richard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gaming Law Rev"},{"key":"2023083113321095800_ref18","article-title":"These are The Top Five Most Viewed Esports Titles in 2021","author":"Esports.com","year":"2022"},{"key":"2023083113321095800_ref19","volume-title":"The Biggest Esports Games Every Gamer Should Know","author":"Geyser","year":"2022"},{"key":"2023083113321095800_ref20","volume-title":"Most Popular Esports Games 2022","author":"Petermeier","year":"2022"},{"key":"2023083113321095800_ref21","volume-title":"Most Watched Esports Tournaments of 2021","author":"Borisov","year":"2021"},{"key":"2023083113321095800_ref22","volume-title":"Which Esports had the Highest Viewership Numbers in 2021?","author":"Ong","year":"2021"},{"key":"2023083113321095800_ref23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Safer gambling and consumer protection failings amongst 40 frequently visited cryptocurrency-based online gambling operators","author":"Andrade","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023083113321095800_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1089\/glr2.2021.0027","article-title":"Gambling marketing bans in professional sports neglect the risks posed by financial trading apps and cryptocurrencies","volume":"25","author":"Newall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gaming Law Rev"},{"key":"2023083113321095800_ref25","first-page":"120","article-title":"Relationships between the consumption of gamblified media and associated gambling activities in a sample of esports fans","volume":"2883","author":"Macey","year":"2021","journal-title":"CEUR Workshop Proc"},{"key":"2023083113321095800_ref26","volume-title":"4% of Brits Interested in Betting on Esports, Finds YouGov","author":"Sacco","year":"2022"},{"key":"2023083113321095800_ref27","volume-title":"What are the Odds? The Appeal of Gambling Adverts to Children and Young Persons on Twitter","author":"Rossi","year":"2021"},{"key":"2023083113321095800_ref28","volume-title":"Esports Could be Quietly Spawning a Whole New Generation of Problem Gamblers","author":"Rossi","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023083113321095800_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1177\/0743915621999674","article-title":"\u201cGet a \u00a310 Free Bet Every Week!\u201d\u2014gambling advertising on Twitter: volume, content, followers, engagement, and regulatory compliance","volume":"40","author":"Rossi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Public Policy Mark"},{"key":"2023083113321095800_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2020.1826559","article-title":"Defining the esports bettor: evidence from an online panel survey of emerging adults","volume":"20","author":"Wardle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"June","key":"2023083113321095800_ref31","article-title":"Gamers who gamble: examining the relationship between esports spectatorship and event wagering","volume":"3","author":"Abarbanel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Emerging Sport Stud"}],"container-title":["Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article-pdf\/45\/3\/636\/51275371\/fdac167.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article-pdf\/45\/3\/636\/51275371\/fdac167.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T09:41:21Z","timestamp":1693474881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article\/45\/3\/636\/7093139"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pubmed\/fdac167","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-3842","1741-3850"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-3842","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3850","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]}}}