{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:48:00Z","timestamp":1791920880435,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The health needs of those under probation are likely high, but they have received very little public health attention. Limited evidence exists on the public health needs and interventions to support this cohort.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Surveys were completed by 257 people on probation as part of a local health needs assessment. Results were compared with the general population responses from the National Survey for Wales (2021\u201322).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>People on probation were 4.2 times more likely to self-report not-good general health (fair, bad or very bad) than the general population (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] 4.2, 95% Confidence Intervals [CI] 3.2\u20135.4). The odds of having a mental health condition were over eight times higher than the general population (aOR 8.8, 95% CI 6.8\u201311.4). Prevalence of smoking (52%), drug use (60%), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (21%), autism (4%) and dyslexia (15%) were all higher than the general population. General Practitioner usage and hospital stays were higher, but dentist or optician usage lower than the general population (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.05). Emergency departments were accessed by 35%, with 9% frequenting them three or more times.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>People on probation have poorer self-reported health, higher prevalence of unhealthy behaviours and higher accessing of reactive health services than the general population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdad183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T16:51:50Z","timestamp":1695401510000},"page":"12-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Identifying the public health needs of a UK probation cohort: a cross-sectional analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7018-2063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Wales , 2 Capital Quarter, Tyndall Street, Cardiff, CF10 4BZ, Wales"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1548-707X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B J","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Wales , 2 Capital Quarter, Tyndall Street, Cardiff, CF10 4BZ, Wales"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4372-7384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S E","family":"Perrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Wales , 2 Capital Quarter, Tyndall Street, Cardiff, CF10 4BZ, Wales"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2024043006310541600_ref1","first-page":"56","article-title":"Health needs of prisoners in England and Wales: the implications for prison healthcare of gender, age and ethnicity","volume":"15","author":"Harris","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health Soc Care Community"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024043006310541600_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldx052","article-title":"Looking behind the bars: emerging health issues for people in prison","volume":"125","author":"Sturup-Toft","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"2024043006310541600_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31869-X","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality in homeless individuals, prisoners, sex workers, and individuals with substance use disorders in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"391","author":"Aldridge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024043006310541600_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e557","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(22)00093-7","article-title":"The prevalence of comorbid serious mental illnesses and substance use disorders in prison populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Baranyi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"9830","key":"2024043006310541600_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60319-5","article-title":"Prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in prison populations worldwide: a systematic review","volume":"379","author":"Herbert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024043006310541600_ref6","volume-title":"A Health Needs Assessment of Offenders in the Community in Cheshire East, Cheshire West & Chester, Warrington and Wirral 2013","author":"Lloyd"},{"key":"2024043006310541600_ref7","volume-title":"Reducing Re-Offending by ex- prisoners","author":"Social Exclusion Unit","year":"2002"},{"key":"2024043006310541600_ref8","volume-title":"Social Exclusion and Mental Health","author":"Social Exclusion Unit","year":"2004"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024043006310541600_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.57.3.333","article-title":"Toward evidence-based practice for probationers and parolees mandated to mental health treatment","volume":"57","author":"Skeem","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"2024043006310541600_ref10","volume-title":"Reducing Re-offending: National Action Plan","author":"Home Office","year":"2004"},{"key":"2024043006310541600_ref11","volume-title":"National Probation Service Health and Social Care Strategy 2019\u20132022","author":"National Probation Service","year":"2019"},{"key":"2024043006310541600_ref12","volume-title":"Rebalancing Act. 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