{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:19:45Z","timestamp":1789517985466,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) School for Primary Care Research","award":["569"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["569"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006662","name":"NIHR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["302412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302412"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Care home residents are at high risk from outbreaks of respiratory infections, such as influenza and COVID-19. We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials, to determine which interventions (apart from vaccines) are effective at reducing transmission of acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs) in care homes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched CINAHL, Medline, Embase and Cochrane for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions to prevent transmission of ARIs in care homes (excluding vaccines), to April 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 21 articles met inclusion criteria. Two infection control interventions significantly reduced respiratory infections. Oseltamivir significantly reduced risk of symptomatic laboratory-confirmed influenza (OR 0.39, 95%CI 0.16\u20130.94, three trials), and influenza-like illness (OR 0.50, 95%CI 0.36\u20130.69), even in a vaccinated population. High dose vitamin D supplementation reduced incidence of ARIs (incidence rate ratio 0.60; 95%CI 0.38\u20130.94, one trial). Nine other RCTs of vitamin, mineral, probiotic and herbal supplements showed no significant effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transmission of respiratory infections in care homes can be reduced by educational interventions to improve infection control procedures and compliance by staff, by antiviral prophylaxis soon after a case of influenza has been detected, and by supplementation with high-dose Vitamin D3. Further research is needed to confirm the effect of high-dose Vitamin D3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdae178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T07:01:37Z","timestamp":1723532497000},"page":"551-563","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The effectiveness of interventions to reduce the transmission of acute respiratory infections in care homes: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Merlin L","family":"Willcox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Research Centre , School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, , Southampton S016 5ST ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"University of Southampton , School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, , Southampton S016 5ST 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