{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T05:45:33Z","timestamp":1775713533366,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CIHR Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes","award":["OOP-110788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OOP-110788"]}]},{"name":"CIHR Institute of Population and Public Health","award":["MOP-114875"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-114875"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"CIHR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT-148562"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-148562"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"CIHR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT-149092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-149092"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"CIHR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT-159693"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-159693"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000008","name":"Health Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1617-HQ-000012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1617-HQ-000012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000008","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CIHR-Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction","award":["OF7 B1-PCPEGT 410-10-9633"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OF7 B1-PCPEGT 410-10-9633"]}]},{"name":"CIHR Institute of Population and Public Health","award":["PJT-180262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-180262"]}]},{"name":"CIHR Institute of Human Development, Child and Youth Health","award":["NI21-1193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NI21-1193"]}]},{"name":"CIHR Operating","award":["179224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["179224"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Public health unit (PHU) engagement in schools is important for promoting wellness in students. We aimed to investigate if PHU engagement with schools may have provided protection against the risk of depression and anxiety in students during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We used longitudinal data from the Cannabis, Obesity, Mental health, Physical activity, Alcohol use, Smoking and Sedentary behaviour survey between the 2018\/19 and 2020\/21 academic years. Multilevel models were used to assess the association between PHU engagement with school mental health programs prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and depressive (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale Revised) and anxiety symptoms (Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale) during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The sample included 23\u00a0894 students across 104 secondary schools in British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario and Quebec. In confounder-adjusted models, PHU engagement before the pandemic was not associated with student depressive symptoms (B\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.01, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.04, 0.02), but was protective against anxiety symptoms (B\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.03, \u22120.06, 0.001) during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The results highlight that PHU engagement with mental health programming in schools was protective against anxiety for students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings support the importance of PHU engagement for improving student mental health and pandemic recovery.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdae179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T18:59:56Z","timestamp":1723143596000},"page":"469-476","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Public health unit engagement in school mental health programs and adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: COMPASS, 2018\u20132022"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6854-1151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Benny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Health Promotion , Chronic Disease, and Injury Prevention, , Toronto, ON M5B 1W2 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Public Health Ontario , Chronic Disease, and Injury Prevention, , Toronto, ON M5B 1W2 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brendan T","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion , Chronic Disease, and Injury Prevention, , Toronto, ON M5B 1W2 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Public Health Ontario , Chronic Disease, and Injury Prevention, , Toronto, ON M5B 1W2 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5T 3M7 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen A","family":"Patte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Brock University , St. Catharines, ON LS2 3A1 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott T","family":"Leatherdale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Pabayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Centre for Healthy Communities , Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024121301412216500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/cbs0000305","article-title":"Canadian Adolescents\u2019 Mental Health and Substance Use during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Associations with COVID-19 Stressors","volume-title":"Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science\/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement","author":"Craig"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024121301412216500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2016-208141","article-title":"Return on investment of public health interventions: a systematic review","volume":"71","author":"Masters","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"2024121301412216500_ref3","volume-title":"Ontario Offers Money to Public-Health Units That Voluntarily Merge","author":"Jones","year":"2023"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024121301412216500_ref4","first-page":"275","article-title":"Why youth mental health is so important","volume":"10","author":"Kutcher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Medscape J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024121301412216500_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-019-01469-4","article-title":"Why do children and adolescents (not) seek and access professional help for their mental health problems? 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