{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:33:07Z","timestamp":1787009587078,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30DK111024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30DK111024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined changes in diabetes care and management practices before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Population-based data regarding four diabetes-related healthcare engagement and four self-management indicators were obtained from adults with diabetes surveyed in 19 US States and Washington DC through the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Using logistic regression, we estimated changes in the prevalence of each indicator, overall and by sociodemographic subgroups in 2019 (before the pandemic) and 2021 (during the pandemic).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 2019 and 2021, the prevalence of biannual HbA1c tests reduced by 2.6 percentage points (pp; 95% confidence interval: \u22124.8, \u22120.4), from 75.4% to 73.1%, and prevalence of annual eye exams fell by 4.0\u00a0pp (\u22126.2, \u22122.8), from 72.2% to 68.7%. The composite indicator of engagement with healthcare for diabetes control fell by 3.5\u00a0pp (\u22125.9, \u22121.1), from 44.9% to 41.9%. Of self-management behaviors, avoidance of smoking increased by 2.0\u00a0pp (0.4, 3.6) from 84.7% to 87.1%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings suggest a deterioration of the uptake of evidence-based, preventive health services requiring laboratory services and clinical examination for diabetes control during the pandemic. On the other hand, smoking rates decreased, suggesting potential positive impacts of the pandemic on health behaviors in people with diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdae287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]],"date-time":"2024-11-09T19:54:46Z","timestamp":1731182086000},"page":"e20-e27","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Changes in diabetes care and management practices during the COVID-19 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6622-9797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kushagra","family":"Vashist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Global Diabetes Research Center of Woodruff Health Sciences Center and Emory University , Atlanta, GA 30322 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4634-0591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer K","family":"Frediani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing , Atlanta, GA 30322 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2804-3948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary Beth","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Global Diabetes Research Center of Woodruff Health Sciences Center and Emory University , Atlanta, GA 30322 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7266-2503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed K","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Global Diabetes Research Center of Woodruff Health Sciences Center and Emory University , Atlanta, GA 30322 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University , Atlanta, GA 30322 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8621-5405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K M Venkat","family":"Narayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Global Diabetes Research Center of Woodruff Health Sciences Center and Emory University , Atlanta, GA 30322 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0082-5857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shivani A","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Global Diabetes Research Center of Woodruff Health Sciences Center and Emory University , Atlanta, GA 30322 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032804162577100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/2251-6581-12-14","article-title":"Role of self-care in management of diabetes mellitus","volume":"12","author":"Shrivastava","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab Disord"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2026032804162577100_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S97","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-S006","article-title":"6. Glycemic targets: Standards of care in diabetes\u20142023","volume":"46","author":"ElSayed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"2026032804162577100_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S203","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-S012","article-title":"12. Retinopathy, neuropathy, and foot care: Standards of care in diabetes\u20142023","volume":"46","author":"ElSayed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"2026032804162577100_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S128","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-S008","article-title":"8. Obesity and weight management for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes: Standards of care in diabetes\u20142023","volume":"46","author":"ElSayed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026032804162577100_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.2337\/cd23-as01","article-title":"Standards of care in diabetes\u20142023 abridged for primary care providers","volume":"41","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinical Diabetes"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"2026032804162577100_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-S001","article-title":"1. Improving care and promoting health in populations: Standards of care in diabetes\u20142023","volume":"46","author":"ElSayed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026032804162577100_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.2337\/dci21-0001","article-title":"Diabetes and COVID-19: Population impact 18 months into the pandemic","volume":"44","author":"Gregg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026032804162577100_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-1192","article-title":"Diabetes and COVID-19: Risks, management, and learnings from other national disasters","volume":"43","author":"Hartmann-Boyce","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026032804162577100_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.06.009","article-title":"COVID-19-specific diabetes worries amongst diabetic patients: The role of social support and other co-variates","volume":"15","author":"Sujan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prim Care Diabetes"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026032804162577100_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.08.025","article-title":"Psychological adaptive difficulties and their management during COVID-19 pandemic in people with diabetes mellitus","volume":"14","author":"Singhai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026032804162577100_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.3047","article-title":"Diabetes care and glycemic control during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States","volume":"181","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026032804162577100_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e003420","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2023-003420","article-title":"Blood glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol testing among adults with diabetes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, USA, 2019 vs 2021","volume":"11","author":"Casagrande","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care"},{"key":"2026032804162577100_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Vashist","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.08.06.23293722"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026032804162577100_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.5928","article-title":"Trends in outpatient care delivery and telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US","volume":"181","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2026032804162577100_ref15"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026032804162577100_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2022.0391","article-title":"Factors associated with follow-up adherence after teleophthalmology for diabetic eye screening before and during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"29","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Telemed J E Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026032804162577100_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-0928-7","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy screening during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic","volume":"34","author":"Shih","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026032804162577100_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500100088034","article-title":"How effective are treatments for diabetic retinopathy?","volume":"269","author":"Ferris","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026032804162577100_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2020.110236","article-title":"Younger people are more vulnerable to stress, anxiety and depression during COVID-19 pandemic: A global cross-sectional survey","volume":"109","author":"Varma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"14","key":"2026032804162577100_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3222","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720005358","article-title":"Increases in depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"52","author":"Hawes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026032804162577100_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2022.220319R1","article-title":"Adherence to diabetes medications and health care use during the COVID-19 pandemic among high-risk patients","volume":"36","author":"Yoon","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026032804162577100_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.13109","article-title":"Association between processes of diabetes care and health care utilization in patients with diabetes: Evidence from a nationally representative US sample","volume":"13","author":"Delevry","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026032804162577100_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.2337\/cd21-0116","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on type 2 diabetes care delivery","volume":"40","author":"Hooker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinical Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026032804162577100_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2010.12.019","article-title":"Geographic distribution of diagnosed diabetes in the U.S.: A diabetes belt","volume":"40","author":"Barker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026032804162577100_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e146","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-0213","article-title":"Increase in diabetes mortality associated with COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S","volume":"44","author":"Ran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026032804162577100_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101671","article-title":"Excess diabetes mellitus-related deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States","volume":"54","author":"Lv","year":"2022","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026032804162577100_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1007\/s42399-020-00426-6","article-title":"Analysis of COVID-19 cases and public measures in China","volume":"2","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"SN Compr Clin Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article-pdf\/47\/1\/e20\/60540722\/fdae287.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article-pdf\/47\/1\/e20\/60540722\/fdae287.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T08:16:37Z","timestamp":1774685797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article\/47\/1\/e20\/7887466"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pubmed\/fdae287","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-3842","1741-3850"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-3842","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3850","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]]}}}