{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T20:01:14Z","timestamp":1788292874963,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Study\u2019s Economic and Social Research Council","award":["ES\/S007253\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/S007253\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In 2018, Scotland pioneered national legislation which set a Minimum Unit Price (MUP) of 50 pence (\u223cUS$0.64, \u20ac0.59) per unit of UK alcohol sold (8\u00a0g\/10\u00a0ml). To inform policy development, we examine the policy effect using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C), employing longitudinal data for over 17\u00a0200 individuals.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The effect of MUP on AUDIT-C scores is inferred by employing difference-in-difference regression. Pre- and post-intervention alcohol behaviours of individuals from Scotland are compared to a matched \u2018control\u2019 from England. Drinking at hazardous and harmful levels could be identified, as well as the frequency of alcohol consumption, number of drinks and heavy episodic drinking. Estimates adjust for demographic, socioeconomic and health characteristics. Potential inequalities by gender, age and household income are examined.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>MUP led to an estimated 5.3% reduction in the number of drinks consumed on drinking occasions, though a statistically significant effect on overall reported AUDIT-C scores or drinking at hazardous levels was not detected, with few differential effects for subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Differences in the findings of this research compared to other studies may be explained by differences in population coverage collected in the survey data, compared to more comprehensive, population-wide administrative data, as well as sample attrition.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdae288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T01:06:38Z","timestamp":1732496798000},"page":"e94-e105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["An evaluation of the impact of a national Minimum Unit Price on alcohol policy on alcohol behaviours"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1525-0841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gretta","family":"Mohan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Economic and Social Research Institute , Dublin D02 A021 ,","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"Department of Economics, Trinity College , Dublin D02 PN40 ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030421261495300_ref1","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Status Report on Alcohol Consumption, Harm and Policy Responses in 30 European Countries 2019","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019"},{"issue":"10152","key":"2025030421261495300_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31310-2","article-title":"Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"392","author":"Griswold","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025030421261495300_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13757","article-title":"The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease\u2014an update","volume":"112","author":"Rehm","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025030421261495300_ref4","first-page":"275","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and long-term labor market outcomes","volume":"26","author":"B\u00f6ckerman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heal Econ (United Kingdom)"},{"issue":"9682","key":"2025030421261495300_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60744-3","article-title":"Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of policies and programmes to reduce the harm caused by alcohol","volume":"373","author":"Anderson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025030421261495300_ref6","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Evidence for the Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions to Reduce Alcohol-Related Harm","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2009"},{"key":"2025030421261495300_ref7","volume-title":"Minimum Unit Pricing Evaluation: Theory of Change [Internet]","author":"Public Health Scotland","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025030421261495300_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02721.x","article-title":"Policy options for alcohol price regulation: the importance of modelling population heterogeneity","volume":"105","author":"Meier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025030421261495300_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2007.00467.x","article-title":"Distribution of alcohol consumption and expenditures and the impact of improved measurement on coverage of alcohol sales in the 2000 National Alcohol Survey","volume":"31","author":"Kerr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2025030421261495300_ref10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Independent review of the effects of alcohol pricing and promotion (part a): systematic reviews","volume":"2","author":"Booth","year":"2008","journal-title":"ScHARR Univ Sheff"},{"key":"2025030421261495300_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-58","article-title":"Are there gender differences in the geography of alcohol-related mortality in Scotland? 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