{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T16:26:37Z","timestamp":1761582397322,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome conditions amongst individuals with learning disabilities is well established; however, there is mixed evidence for neurodivergent adults.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Health Survey for England data 2016\u201319 were analysed. N\u00a0=\u00a032\u00a0390, 728 with neurodivergent conditions and 1419 with learning disabilities. Diabetes was self-reported and physician-diagnosed. Hypertension was assessed through blood pressure readings or reported medication use. Obesity and overweight were measured objectively. Covariates included age, sex and ethnicity and physical activity (2017\u201318 subsample).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An association between obesity and neurodivergence was found [relative risk ratio (RRR)\u00a0=\u00a01.64 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.54\u20131.76, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001]. The association with overweight was weaker. An association was found for diabetes (OR\u00a0=\u00a04.18, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a03.82\u20134.57, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001) and hypertension (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.51, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.40\u20131.64, P\u00a0=\u00a0&amp;lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>An association was found between obesity and learning disabilities (RRR\u00a0=\u00a01.70, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.42\u20132.04, P\u00a0=\u00a0&amp;lt; 0.001) but not overweight. An association was found for diabetes (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.39, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a02.01\u20132.85, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001) and hypertension (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.24, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.02\u20131.50, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To mitigate metabolic syndrome risk, both adapting annual health checks available to adults with learning disabilities and adapting National Health Service weight management plans, to include neurodivergent adults is recommended.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdaf027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T13:50:41Z","timestamp":1741441841000},"page":"385-394","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Associations between neurodivergence, learning disabilities and metabolic syndrome risk: evidence from the Health Survey for England"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Nicola","family":"Shelton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL , London WC1E 6BT ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Abdinor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL , London WC1E 6BT ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annemarie","family":"Lodder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Medicine Research Group, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"What Does Neurotypical, Neurodivergent, and Neurodiverse Mean? 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