{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:39:08Z","timestamp":1791463148768,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study investigates the prevalence and factors associated with multi-morbidity in Cape Verde, where healthcare systems are traditionally focused on single diseases.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Multi-morbidity was defined as having two or more conditions (i.e. hypertension, diabetes, and overweight\/obesity). We analyzed the data of 1781 adults aged 18\u201369 who participated in the 2020 WHO STEPS survey. Cross-tabulations and logistic regression analyses were performed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall, 17.9% of adults (95% confidence interval: 15.5\u201320.6) lived with multi-morbidity. Hypertension was more prevalent in men (37.2%), while diabetes and overweight\/obesity were higher in women, at 5% and 57.4%, respectively. Rural residents had a higher prevalence of hypertension (30.6%), but urban areas showed greater rates of diabetes (4.4%) and overweight\/obesity (50.7%). Women had 28% lower odds of multi-morbidity. Individuals aged 60\u00a0years and older showed higher odds of multi-morbidity. Participants with tertiary education and current smokers had significantly lower odds of multi-morbidity, while married individuals and urban residents exhibited higher odds.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Older age, being married, and living in urban areas were associated with higher odds of multi-morbidity, while higher education and being a woman exhibited protective effects. These results underscore the need for a comprehensive approach in Cape Verde\u2019s healthcare system to address the growing burden of multi-morbidity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdaf031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T09:44:36Z","timestamp":1742377476000},"page":"e344-e356","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["State of multi-morbidity among adults in Cape Verde: findings from the 2020 WHO STEPS non-communicable disease survey"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Joshua","family":"Okyere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allied Health Professions , Sport and Exercise, School of Human and Health Sciences, , HD1 3DH, Queensgate, Huddersfield ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"University of Huddersfield , Sport and Exercise, School of Human and Health Sciences, , HD1 3DH, Queensgate, Huddersfield ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of 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