{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T23:34:56Z","timestamp":1788564896039,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,13]],"date-time":"2025-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"dsm-firmenich"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency is a public health concern; however, data on its global prevalence are limited. We reported pooled mean circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and estimated the prevalence of concentration according to commonly reported thresholds for general, healthy populations worldwide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Global Index Medicus and grey literature sites. We included cross-sectional and cohort studies published since 2011 that reported circulating 25(OH)D concentration in general, healthy populations of all ages. Using random-effects meta-analysis, we pooled data on circulating 25(OH)D concentration and prevalence estimates according to thresholds by continent, country, latitude, sex, adults\/children, season, assay, and study quality. PROSPERO registration: CRD42021242466.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eligible publications (n\u00a0=\u00a0586) included 2\u00a0370\u00a0136 eligible participants across 102 countries. The pooled mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) overall circulating 25(OH)D concentration was 53.9 (52.6\u201355.1) nmol\/L (529 publications; 1\u00a0412\u00a0281 participants). The pooled prevalence of concentration\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a030, &amp;lt;\u200950, and\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a075\u00a0nmol\/L was 18, 47, and 75%, respectively (403 studies; 1\u00a0508\u00a0830 participants).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low vitamin D status is prevalent across general, healthy populations worldwide. Governments, health organizations and policy makers could use these findings to identify regions in need of public health strategies for improving vitamin D status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdaf080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,13]],"date-time":"2025-07-13T21:15:27Z","timestamp":1752441327000},"page":"e520-e529","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["A systematic review and meta-analysis of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and vitamin D status worldwide"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Eleanor","family":"Dunlop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University , Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC 3220,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University , Kent Street, Bentley , WA 6102,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngoc Minh","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University , Kent Street, Bentley , WA 6102,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Van Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University , Kent Street, Bentley , WA 6102,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajar","family":"Mazahery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University , Kent Street, Bentley , WA 6102,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belinda","family":"Neo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University , Kent Street, Bentley , WA 6102,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jillian","family":"Shrapnel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University , Kent Street, Bentley , WA 6102,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aliki","family":"Kalmpourtzidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sustainable Food Process, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore , Via Stefano Leonida Bissolati Cremona , CR 26100,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin E K","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University , Kent Street, Bentley , WA 6102,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University , Kent Street, Bentley , WA 6102,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology , John Street, Hawthorn, VIC 3122,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucinda J","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University , Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC 3220,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University , Kent Street, Bentley , WA 6102,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120203430755500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmab142","article-title":"Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review of observational studies, 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