{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T08:45:26Z","timestamp":1764665126208,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust"},{"name":"Critical Healthcare"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The role of a brief intervention (BI) for smoking cessation with patients using National Health Service (NHS) ambulance services is underexplored but may reach tobacco smokers currently not engaging with NHS stop smoking services (SSS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A BI comprising smoking cessation education, a referral to local NHS SSS and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) was delivered to consenting patients aged \u226518\u00a0years in a regional NHS ambulance service in England.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 140 patients (56% female, mean age 54.9 (14.6) years), 103 (74%) were conveyed, and 41 (29%) admitted to hospital. Outcomes included 28-day quit achieved (n\u00a0=\u00a031), current supported quit attempt (n\u00a0=\u00a06), reconsidered decision to quit\/lost to follow-up after commencing NRT (n\u00a0=\u00a076), and uncontactable (n\u00a0=\u00a027). There was no association between a successful quit attempt and patient age, gender, ethnicity, or socio-economic status. Reasons behind being lost to follow-up included reconsidering the quit attempt, competing co-morbidity, and digital poverty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A BI delivered in the ambulance setting may be the only opportunity to connect tobacco smokers currently not reached by the current model, with NHS SSS. A repeated offer of support with \u2018all\u2019 smokers in this setting may help reduce disparities in health inequality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdaf120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T14:34:05Z","timestamp":1758897245000},"page":"e597-e604","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A brief intervention for smoking cessation in the ambulance setting\u2014an exploratory mixed methods study to reach health equity"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9601-1083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl","family":"Charlton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research & Development, North East Ambulance Service National Health Service Foundation Trust Bernicia House, Goldcrest Way, Newburn Riverside , Newcastle upon Tyne NE15 8NY ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3295-244X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon","family":"Rees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helen McArdle Research Institute and Sunderland City Council School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Chester Road , Sunderland SR1 3SD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research & Development, North East Ambulance Service National Health Service Foundation Trust Bernicia House, Goldcrest Way, Newburn Riverside , Newcastle upon Tyne NE15 8NY ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Burrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research & Development, North East Ambulance Service National Health Service Foundation Trust Bernicia House, Goldcrest Way, Newburn Riverside , Newcastle upon Tyne NE15 8NY ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120203424088300_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00933-4","article-title":"Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990\u20132020: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"403","author":"GBD 2021 Risk Factor Collaborators","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025120203424088300_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2021-056535","article-title":"Evolution of the global smoking epidemic over the past half century: Strengthening the evidence base for policy action","volume":"31","author":"Dai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"year":"2020","author":"NHS Digital Statistics on Smoking, England","key":"2025120203424088300_ref3"},{"year":"2019","author":"Action on Smoking Health (ASH), Health Inequalities and Smoking","key":"2025120203424088300_ref4"},{"year":"2019","author":"NHS Digital Smoking\u2014attributable morbidity","key":"2025120203424088300_ref5"},{"year":"2025","author":"Action on Smoking and Health (ASH), Ready Reckoner","key":"2025120203424088300_ref6"},{"author":"Office for National Statistics, Adult Smoking Habits in the UK, 2022\u20132023","key":"2025120203424088300_ref7"},{"year":"2005","author":"World Health Organisation, Framework Convention on Tobacco Control","key":"2025120203424088300_ref8"},{"key":"2025120203424088300_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e014210","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014210","article-title":"Healthier central England or north\u2013south divide? 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