{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T10:02:28Z","timestamp":1780308148676,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twinning rates are increasing globally and in India, yet a comprehensive analysis of nutritional outcomes and growth patterns among twins in low-and middle income countries remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a cross-sectional study utilizing data from India's National Family Health Survey, 2019\u20132021. The final analytic sample comprised 224\u00a0177 children (0\u201359\u00a0months). We employed logistic regression models and Coarsened Exact Matching. The primary outcomes included anthropometric failure (stunting, wasting, underweight), anemia, diarrhea, and acute respiratory infection (ARI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twins had a consistently higher prevalence for most adverse health outcomes. For instance, severe anemia prevalence was 4.29% (95% CI: 3.42, 5.16) in twins versus 2.09% (95% CI: 2.03, 2.15) in singletons, with 70% higher adjusted odds (aOR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.28, 2.25). Nutritional disadvantages were most pronounced in the 0\u20135\u00a0months age group and attenuated with age. Disparities were greatest among the poorest groups, though the increased risk of severe anemia persisted across all wealth quintiles. Twins had lower prevalence and adjusted odds for ARI and diarrhea than singletons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant health disparities persist between twins and singletons in India, particularly in early childhood and among disadvantaged groups. These findings underscore the need for targeted, equity-focused public health interventions to improve nutritional and health outcomes for twins across India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdag030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T21:00:11Z","timestamp":1778706011000},"page":"411-420","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between twin birth and risk of anthropometric failure and morbidity outcomes among children in India, 2019\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3282-658X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Joe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Research Centre, Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi University Enclave , North Campus, Delhi 110007 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4584-5911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atma","family":"Prakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi , Himachal Pradesh 175075,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4891-2995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Komal","family":"Ahluwalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IITB-Monash Research Academy, Indian Institute of Technology , Mumbai, 400076,","place":["India"]},{"name":"Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Economics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9864-3957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rockli","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Science, Korea University , 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841 ,","place":["South Korea"]},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University , 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841 ,","place":["South Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2365-4165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S V","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies , 9 Bow Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. 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