{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T14:13:38Z","timestamp":1788272018951,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the geographic distribution of multiple neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) across different US states.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using data from 2016 to 2023 National Survey of Children\u2019s Health, we estimated the prevalence and combinations of multiple NDDs (defined as having \u22652 NDDs) at the state level among 272\u00a0598 children and adolescents aged 3\u201317\u00a0years. We also reported state-level prevalence estimates and combinations stratified by sociodemographic characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participant numbers ranged from 4391 in the Nevada to 11\u00a0275 in California during 2016\u20132023. Over half were male (51.7%), with a mean age of 10.2\u00a0years (standard deviation: 4.5). The national multiple NDDs prevalence was 8.1% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 7.9%\u20138.3%), with Kentucky reporting the highest prevalence at 10.5% (95% CI: 9.3%\u201311.8%) across states. Stratified analyses by period, age groups, sex, ethnicity, country of birth, household income, insurance coverage, and family education levels consistently showed the highest prevalence in southern states such as Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, New Hampshire, and Oklahoma. Across states, the most common multiple NDDs combination was attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder concurrent with learning disabilities (18.2%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Disparities in multiple NDDs prevalence were observed across US states. These state-level estimates can help decision-makers target programs and allocate resources to address community needs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdag052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T17:41:28Z","timestamp":1782322888000},"page":"670-679","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Geographic patterns in the prevalence of multiple neurodevelopmental disorders among children and adolescents in the United States: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0643-9191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jialing","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Future Health Systems, University of New South Wales , 55 Botany Street, Randwick, New South Wales 2031 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanting","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California , San Diego, 9255 Pharmacy Ln, La Jolla, CA 92093 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Practice, Sciences and Outcomes Research, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Pharmacy , 20 North Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0221-1245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Kidd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Future Health Systems, University of New South Wales , 55 Botany Street, Randwick, New South Wales 2031 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford , Woodstock Rd, Oxford OX1 2JD ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University , Linnaeus Way, Canberra ACT 2601 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto , 500 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1V7 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090109171518500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30376-5","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental disorders. 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