{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T14:13:33Z","timestamp":1788272013974,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately impacted vulnerable populations, with contextual factors like healthcare accessibility influencing mortality. However, limited evidence exists on which types of healthcare facilities affect COVID-19 death rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined which facility types were statistically associated with, and improved prediction of, county-level COVID-19 mortality (2020\u20132021) using over dispersed Poisson models and healthcare facility data from the 2020 National Establishment Time Series database. Five feature selection strategies guided model construction: a theory-driven approach, three data-driven methods [Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), stepwise, and random forest], and a synthesized strategy integrating shared predictors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on Quasi-Akaike\u2019s Information Criterion (QAIC), LASSO and stepwise models offered the best fit. Across methods, consistent predictors of county-level COVID-19 mortality rates included pharmacies\/drug stores, hospitals and major medical centers, emergency medical transport, offices and clinics of health practitioners, and urgent care facilities. Data-driven strategies also selected chiropractors, highlighting potential confounding bias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our classification approach highlights facility types associated with COVID-19 mortality, offering insight into how healthcare infrastructure may influence pandemic-related health outcomes. These findings can support descriptive characterizations of local medical environments, generate hypotheses, and guide future research aimed at improving population health during public health emergencies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdag053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T20:12:22Z","timestamp":1782504742000},"page":"680-690","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Classifying healthcare facilities as predictors of COVID-19 mortality rates in US counties (2020\u20132021)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3784-9991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edwin M","family":"McCulley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Drexel University , 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel University , 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3355-5558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana A","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Drexel University , 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel University , 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4939-1554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina","family":"Schnake-Mahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel University , 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Health Management & Policy, Drexel University , 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brisa","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Drexel University , 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel University , 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2613-9599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gina S","family":"Lovasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Drexel University , 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel University , 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usama","family":"Bilal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Drexel University , 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel University , 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2020-214401","article-title":"The COVID-19 pandemic and health inequalities","volume":"74","author":"Bambra","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14567","article-title":"Racial residential segregation and economic disparity jointly exacerbate COVID-19 fatality in large American cities","volume":"1494","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1215\/03616878-10234170","article-title":"County-level segregation and racial disparities in COVID-19 outcomes","volume":"48","author":"Trounstine","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Health Polit Policy Law"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwab058","article-title":"Schnake-Mahl and Bilal respond to \u201cStructural Racism and COVID-19 Mortality in the US\u201d","volume":"190","author":"Schnake-Mahl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2107873118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2107873118","article-title":"Socioeconomic privilege and political ideology are associated with racial disparity in COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"118","author":"Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2020.0502","article-title":"Comorbid chronic diseases are strongly correlated with disease severity among COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-020-01509-1","article-title":"Risk factors for Covid-19 severity and fatality: a structured literature review","volume":"49","author":"Wolff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.04.021","article-title":"Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"81","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117351","article-title":"The effect of the urban exposome on COVID-19 health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"240","author":"Houweling","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.115307","article-title":"Inequities in spatial accessibility to COVID-19 testing in 30 large US cities","volume":"310","author":"Mullachery","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2022.03.010","article-title":"Addressing transportation barriers to health care during the COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives of care coordinators","volume":"159","author":"Oluyede","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transp Res Part A Policy Pract"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2034882","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.34882","article-title":"Reports of forgone medical care among US adults during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"4","author":"Anderson","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.12788\/jhm.3539","article-title":"Analysis of hospital resource availability and COVID-19 mortality across the United States","volume":"16","author":"Janke","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hosp Med"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jth.2021.101112","article-title":"The uneven impacts of avoiding public transit on riders\u2019 access to healthcare during COVID-19","volume":"22","author":"Palm","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Transp Health"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jue.2021.103382","article-title":"JUE insight: distributional impacts of retail vaccine availability","volume":"127","author":"Chevalier","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Urban Econ"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.09.009","article-title":"If you build it, will they come? Is test site availability a root cause of geographic disparities in COVID-19 testing?","volume":"216","author":"Hendricks","year":"2023","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trip.2021.100338","article-title":"How is the COVID-19 pandemic shaping transportation access to health care?","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transp Res Interdiscip Perspect"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s10742-005-4304-7","article-title":"A literature review of the use of GIS-based measures of access to health care services","volume":"5","author":"Higgs","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Serv Outcomes Res Methodol"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-020-00482-2","article-title":"Business data categorization and refinement for application in longitudinal neighborhood health research: a methodology","volume":"98","author":"Hirsch","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref20","volume-title":"Bridged-Race Population Estimates\u2014Vintage","author":"National Center for Health Statistics U","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref21","volume-title":"National Establishment Time-Series (NETS) Database Description","author":"Walls","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref22","volume-title":"Detailed Mortality Files for US Counties 2020, as Compiled from Data Provided by the 57 Vital Statistics Jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program","author":"Statistics NCHS","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2022.05.021","article-title":"Avoiding overadjustment bias in social epidemiology through appropriate covariate selection: a primer","volume":"149","author":"Zwieten","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref24","volume-title":"Handbook of Statistical Analysis and Data Mining Applications","author":"Yale","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-009-9411-2","article-title":"Variable selection: current practice in epidemiological studies","volume":"24","author":"Walter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmed.2023.100110","article-title":"Case study-feature engineering inspired by domain experts on real world medical data","volume":"8","author":"Bj\u00f6rneld","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intell Based Med"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0318874","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0318874","article-title":"Algorithm, ex,pert, or both? Evaluating the role of feature selection methods on user preferences and reliance","volume":"20","author":"Kornowicz","year":"2025","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e205105","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.5105","article-title":"Patterns in geographic access to health care facilities across neighborhoods in the United States based on data from the national establishment time-series between 2000 and 2014","volume":"3","author":"Tsui","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0287720","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0287720","article-title":"Racial & ethnic disparities in geographic access to critical care in the United States: a geographic information systems analysis","volume":"18","author":"Burdick","year":"2023","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E69","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd17.200317","article-title":"Community pharmacists\u2019 contributions to disease management during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"17","author":"Strand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.2557","article-title":"Redesigning primary care to address the COVID-19 pandemic in the midst of the pandemic","volume":"18","author":"Krist","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2020-106266","article-title":"Doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic: what are their duties and what is owed to them?","volume":"47","author":"Johnson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Ethics"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.12.072","article-title":"Primary and secondary prevention of ischemic stroke and cerebral hemorrhage: JACC focus seminar","volume":"75","author":"Diener","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3366","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30109","article-title":"Mechanisms of COVID-19-induced cardiovascular disease: is sepsis or exosome the missing link?","volume":"236","author":"Patil","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.1017","article-title":"Cardiovascular implications of fatal outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"5","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2020.05.004","article-title":"Cardiovascular comorbidities and complications associated with coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"76","author":"Mahajan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med J Armed Forces India"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2022.102581","article-title":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and policy response on health care utilization: evidence from county-level medical claims and cellphone data","volume":"82","author":"Cantor","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Health Econ"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocaa072","article-title":"COVID-19 transforms health care through telemedicine: evidence from the field","volume":"27","author":"Mann","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06338-y","article-title":"Urgent care center wait times increase for COVID-19 results in August 2020, with rapid testing availability limited","volume":"21","author":"Yousman","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2022.100254","article-title":"Assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health services use","volume":"3","author":"Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Public Health Pract"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.00901","article-title":"Critical care and emergency department response At the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"39","author":"Uppal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005013","article-title":"Variation in initial U.S. hospital responses to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic","volume":"49","author":"Mathews","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0304672","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0304672","article-title":"Emergency medical service interventions and experiences during pandemics: a scoping review","volume":"19","author":"Laparidou","year":"2024","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.2147\/OAEM.S366006","article-title":"Emergency medical services prehospital response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the US: a brief literature review","volume":"14","author":"Ventura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Access Emergency Medicine"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000262","DOI":"10.1136\/fmch-2019-000262","article-title":"Variable selection strategies and its importance in clinical prediction modelling","volume":"8","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fam Med Community Health"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/insr.12469","article-title":"A critical review of LASSO and its derivatives for variable selection under dependence among covariates","volume":"90","author":"Freijeiro-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Stat Rev"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.3390\/make1010021","article-title":"High-dimensional LASSO-based computational regression models: regularization, shrinkage, and selection","volume":"1","author":"Emmert-Streib","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mach Learn Knowl Extr"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45620-0_2","volume-title":"Feature Selection for Data and Pattern Recognition","author":"Rudnicki","year":"2015"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwad193","article-title":"Recent methodological trends in epidemiology: no need for data-driven variable selection?","volume":"193","author":"Staerk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001777","article-title":"Bayesian kernel machine regression for social epidemiologic research","volume":"35","author":"Bather","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001778","article-title":"Mixture models for social epidemiology: opportunities and cautions","volume":"35","author":"Schnake-Mahl","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2022.307018","article-title":"Associations of 4 geographic social vulnerability indices with US COVID-19 incidence and mortality","volume":"112","author":"Tipirneni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joim.2023.02.002","article-title":"Disparities in chiropractic utilization by race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status: a scoping review of the literature","volume":"21","author":"Gliedt","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Integr Med"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-017-4287-4","article-title":"Supply of healthcare providers in relation to county socioeconomic and health status","volume":"33","author":"Davis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1177\/10775587241298566","article-title":"Urban and rural disparities in COVID-19 outcomes in the United States: a systematic review","volume":"82","author":"Kang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med Care Res Rev"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12242543","volume-title":"Healthcare Access and County-Level COVID-19 Mortality: Exploring the Impact of Hospital Proximity and Uninsurance Rates","author":"Benavidez","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2024.08.004","article-title":"Predictors of utilization frequency of and expenditure amount for chiropractic care in US adults: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1080\/09332480.2019.1579578","article-title":"A second chance to get causal inference right: a classification of data science tasks","volume":"32","author":"Hern\u00e1n","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chance."},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S53","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2021.306331","article-title":"Excess deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for US death investigation systems","volume":"111","author":"Stokes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2026090109170414500_ref60","article-title":"Estimating under-recognized COVID-19 deaths, United States, March 2020-May 2021 using an excess mortality modelling approach","volume":"1","author":"Iuliano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Am"}],"container-title":["Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article-pdf\/48\/3\/680\/68630114\/fdag053.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article-pdf\/48\/3\/680\/68630114\/fdag053.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T13:17:13Z","timestamp":1788268633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article\/48\/3\/680\/8719286"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pubmed\/fdag053","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-3842","1741-3850"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-3842","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3850","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]}}}