{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T05:59:50Z","timestamp":1791093590763,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fds018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,27]],"date-time":"2012-03-27T01:18:03Z","timestamp":1332811083000},"page":"330-339","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The association between use of non-injection drug implements and hepatitis C virus antibody status in homeless and marginally housed persons in San Francisco"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Keith A.","family":"Hermanstyne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Bangsberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Hennessey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Weinbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith A.","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62S","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510260711","article-title":"Epidemiology of hepatitis C","volume":"26","author":"Alter","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22165","article-title":"Changing trends in hepatitis C-related mortality in the United States, 1995\u20132004","volume":"47","author":"Wise","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908193410802","article-title":"The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1998 through 1994","volume":"341","author":"Alter","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-10-200605160-00004","article-title":"The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1999 through 2002","volume":"144","author":"Armstrong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recommendations for prevention and control of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection and HCV-related chronic disease","volume":"47","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1998","journal-title":"MMWR: Recommend Reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1081\/JA-100102640","article-title":"Hepatitis C among noninjecting drug users: a report","volume":"36","author":"Tortu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Substance Use Misuse"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.03.004","article-title":"Association of sex, hygiene and drug equipment sharing with hepatitis C virus infection among non-injecting drug users in New York City","volume":"79","author":"Howe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.11.014","article-title":"Non-injection drug use and hepatitis C virus: a systematic review","volume":"89","author":"Scheinmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199606273342602","article-title":"Routes of infection, viremia, and liver disease in blood donors found to have hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"334","author":"Conry-Cantilena","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29S","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510260705","article-title":"Hepatitis C in asymptomatic blood donors","volume":"26","author":"Alter","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"S2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C11","first-page":"i","article-title":"Intranasal transmission of Hepatitis C virus: virological and clinical evidence","volume":"47","author":"Aaron","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03118.x","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus among non-injecting cocaine users (NICUs) in South America: can injectors be a bridge?","volume":"106","author":"Caiaffa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1081\/JA-120028488","article-title":"Sharing of noninjection drug-use implements as a risk factor for hepatitis C","volume":"39","author":"Tortu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Substance Use Misuse"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510310329","article-title":"Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in United States blood donors. NHLBI Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS)","volume":"31","author":"Murphy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-200208010-00011","article-title":"Risk correlates of prevalent HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infections among noninjecting heroin users","volume":"30","author":"Gyarmathy","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1258\/095646206775455685","article-title":"Hepatitis C transmission\u2014where are we now?","volume":"17","author":"Clarke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"issue":"S3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1086\/431486","article-title":"Unsafe sex and increased incidence of hepatitis C virus infection among HIV-infected men who have sex with men: the Swiss HIV cohort study","volume":"41","author":"Rauch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3281053a0c","article-title":"Recent epidemic of acute hepatitis C virus in HIV-positive men who have sex with men linked to high-risk sexual behaviors","volume":"21","author":"Danta","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17781","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017781","article-title":"Trouble with bleeding: risk factors for acute hepatitis C among HIV-positive gay men from Germany\u2014a case\u2013control study","volume":"6","author":"Schmidt","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1086\/516792","article-title":"Sex, drugs, and hepatitis C virus","volume":"195","author":"Hahn","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2003.008532","article-title":"Increased numbers of acute hepatitis C infections in HIV positive homosexual men; is sexual transmission feeding the increase?","volume":"80","author":"Browne","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sex Trans Infect"},{"issue":"12","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32832e5631","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infections among HIV-infected men who have sex with men: an expanding epidemic","volume":"23","author":"Urbanus","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.02031.x","article-title":"Tattoo application is not associated with an increased risk for chronic hepatitis","volume":"38","author":"Silverman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200103000-00006","article-title":"Commercial tattooing as a potentially important source of hepatitis C infection: clinical epidemiology of 626 consecutive patients unaware of their hepatitis C serologic status","volume":"80","author":"Haley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C25","first-page":"557","article-title":"Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection among street youths","volume":"165","author":"Roy","year":"2001","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S34","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000192068.88195.27","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection, substance use, and mental illness among homeless youth: a review","volume":"19","author":"Nyamathi","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1177\/0193945906286620","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection among homeless men referred from a community clinic","volume":"28","author":"Nyamathi","year":"2006","journal-title":"West J Nurs Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.1.153","article-title":"Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection and risk factors in an incarcerated juvenile population: a pilot study","volume":"111","author":"Murray","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21252","article-title":"Relationship of cosmetic procedures and drug use to hepatitis C and hepatitis B virus infections in a low-risk population","volume":"44","author":"Hwang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-005-9000-7","article-title":"Housing status and HIV risk behaviors: implications for prevention and policy","volume":"9","author":"Aidala","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"S2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-007-9277-9","article-title":"HIV, homelessness, and public health: critical issues and a call for increased action","volume":"11","author":"Wolitski","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"10","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.065094","article-title":"Revolving doors: imprisonment among the homeless and marginally housed population","volume":"95","author":"Kushel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C33","article-title":"Differences between jails and prisons. Prisons seminar","author":"Schlanger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Harvard Law School"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-007-9249-4","article-title":"Tripling of methamphetamine\/amphetamine use among homeless and marginally housed persons, 1996\u20132003","volume":"85","author":"Das-Douglas","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2006.00493.x","article-title":"The aging of the homeless population: fourteen-year trends in San Francisco","volume":"21","author":"Hahn","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.5.697","article-title":"Adherence to isoniazid prophylaxis in the homeless: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"160","author":"Tulsky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23808","article-title":"Is sexual contact a major mode of hepatitis C virus transmission?","volume":"52","author":"Tohme","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"39","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C38","first-page":"19673","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-infected men who have sex with men: sustained rising incidence in Antwerp, Belgium, 2001\u20132009","volume":"15","author":"Bottieau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Euro Surveillance"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C39","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recommendations for prevention and control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and HCV-related chronic disease","volume":"47","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1998","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200204000-00021","article-title":"Viral hepatitis and other infectious diseases in homeless population","volume":"34","author":"Cheung","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-003-0639-y","article-title":"Prevalance of hepatitis C virus infection in a sample of homeless veterans","volume":"38","author":"Desai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.1.23","article-title":"Factors associated with prevalent hepatitis C: differences among young adult injection drug users in lower and upper Manhattan, New York","volume":"91","author":"Diaz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.9.1095","article-title":"The tattooing paradox: are studies of acute hepatitis adequate to identify routes of transmission of subclinical hepatitis C infection?","volume":"163","author":"Haley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2004.30613.x","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection in San Francisco's HIV-infected urban poor","volume":"19","author":"Hall","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-006-9083-0","article-title":"Public health care utilization in a cohort of homeless adult applicants to a supportive housing program","volume":"83","author":"Kessell","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10407","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection among noninjecting drug users in New York city","volume":"70","author":"Koblin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"9223","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02435-1","article-title":"Detection of Hepatitis C virus in the semen of infected men","volume":"356","author":"Leruez-Ville","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/78.4.690","article-title":"Substance abuse and high-risk needle-related behaviors among homeless youth in Minneapolis: implications for prevention","volume":"78","author":"Lifson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2002.10415.x","article-title":"Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection among homeless adults","volume":"17","author":"Nyamathi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2004.00623.x","article-title":"Risk factors for HCV infection among blood donors confirmed to be positive for the presence of HCV RNA and not reactive for the presence of anti-HCV","volume":"44","author":"Orton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C51","article-title":"Public policy implications of a silent virus","author":"Rasada","year":"2008"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.1.31","article-title":"Prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C in people with severe mental illness","volume":"91","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"62","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C53","article-title":"The HCV synthesis project: scope, methodology, and preliminary results","volume":"8","author":"Stern","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-006-9157-8","article-title":"The impact of chronic hepatitis C on health-related quality of life in homeless and marginally housed individuals with HIV","volume":"11","author":"Tsui","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C55","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention and control of infections with hepatitis viruses in correctional settings. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","volume":"52","author":"Weinbaum","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170517042148_FDS018C56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.90.10.1562","article-title":"Estimating future hepatitis C morbidity, mortality, and costs in the United States","volume":"90","author":"Wong","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article-pdf\/34\/3\/330\/12783150\/fds018.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]],"date-time":"2019-06-26T03:33:58Z","timestamp":1561520038000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/pubmed\/fds018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,26]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pubmed\/fds018","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-3850","1741-3842"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-3850","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1741-3842","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,26]]}}}