{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T20:04:39Z","timestamp":1776542679973,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The burden of disease relating to undiagnosed HIV infection is significant in the UK. BHIVA (British HIV Association) recommends population screening in high prevalence areas, expanding outside traditional antenatal\/GUM settings.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>RUClear 2011\u201312 piloted expanding HIV testing outside traditional settings using home-sampling kits (dry-blood-spot testing) ordered online. Greater Manchester residents (\u2265age 16) could request testing via an established, online chlamydia testing service (www.ruclear.co.uk). Participant attitudes towards this new service were assessed. Qualitative methods (thematic analysis) were used to analyse free-text data submitted by participants via hard copy questionnaires issued in all testing kits.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>79.9% (2447\/3062) participants completed questionnaires, of which 30.9% (756\/2447) provided free-text data. Participants overwhelmingly supported the service, valuing particularly accessibility and convenience, allowing individuals to order tests any time of day and self-sample comfortably at home; avoiding the invasive nature of venipuncture and avoiding the need for face-to-face interaction with health services. The pilot was also clinically and cost-effective.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Testing via home-sampling kits ordered online (dry-blood-spot testing) was felt to be an acceptable and convenient method for accessing a HIV test. Many individuals undertook HIV testing where they would otherwise not have been tested at all. Expansion of similar services may increase the uptake of HIV testing.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdv075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,4]],"date-time":"2015-06-04T20:44:55Z","timestamp":1433450695000},"page":"585-590","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Attitudes towards HIV testing via home-sampling kits ordered online (RUClear pilots 2011\u201312)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Y.","family":"Ahmed-Little","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Greater Manchester Health Protection Team, Public Health England, Manchester M1 3BN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Bothra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Greater Manchester Health Protection Team, Public Health England, Manchester M1 3BN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Cordwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RUClear Chlamydia Screening Programme, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Freeman Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RUClear Chlamydia Screening Programme, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Laboratory, Public Health England, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Klapper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Scanlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RUClear Chlamydia Screening Programme, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Higgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sexual Health and HIV, North Manchester General Hospital, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Vivancos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cheshire and Mersey Health Protection Team, Public Health England, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019071707160156500_FDV075C1","article-title":"UK National Guidelines for HIV Testing","author":"BHIVA","year":"2008"},{"key":"2019071707160156500_FDV075C2","article-title":"HIV in the United Kingdom","author":"Health Protection Agency","year":"2011"},{"key":"2019071707160156500_FDV075C3","article-title":"HIV Testing via the Greater Manchester Chlamydia Screening Programme (RUClear Pilot 1 2011-12)","author":"Greater Manchester Health Protection Team","year":"2012"},{"key":"2019071707160156500_FDV075C4","article-title":"HIV Testing via the Chlamydia Screening Programme. Targeted Screening of High Risk Population","author":"Greater Manchester Health Protection Team","year":"2013"},{"key":"2019071707160156500_FDV075C5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Revised recommendations for HIV Testing of adults, adolescents and pregnant women in health-care settings","volume-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","author":"Centers for Disease Control","year":"2006"},{"key":"2019071707160156500_FDV075C6","article-title":"Time to Test for HIV: Expanding HIV Testing in Healthcare and Community Services in England","author":"Health Protection Agency","year":"2011"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"2019071707160156500_FDV075C7","first-page":"373","article-title":"Head-to-head comparison of accuracy of a rapid point-of-care HIV test with oral versus whole-blood specimens: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Pant Pai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"2019071707160156500_FDV075C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11581","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011581","article-title":"Sensitivity of five rapid HIV tests on oral fluid or finger-stick whole blood: a real-time comparison in a healthcare setting","volume":"19","author":"Pavie","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"2019071707160156500_FDV075C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2012.00992.x","article-title":"HIV testing in community settings in resource-rich countries: a systematic review of the evidence","volume":"13","author":"Thornton","year":"2012","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019071707160156500_FDV075C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1586\/14737159.2015.960518","article-title":"Qualitative research on point-of-care testing strategies and programs for HIV","volume":"15","author":"Engel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Diagn"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019071707160156500_FDV075C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-014-0866-0","article-title":"Factors associated with HIV-testing and acceptance of an offer of home-based testing by men in rural Zambia","volume":"19","author":"Hensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aids Behav"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"2019071707160156500_FDV075C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e102812","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102812","article-title":"Home-based HIV testing for men who have sex with men in China: a novel community-based partnership to complement government programs","volume":"9","author":"Tao","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"}],"container-title":["Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article-pdf\/38\/3\/585\/28941880\/fdv075.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]],"date-time":"2019-07-17T07:16:10Z","timestamp":1563347770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article\/38\/3\/585\/2239805"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,17]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pubmed\/fdv075","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-3842","1741-3850"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-3842","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3850","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,17]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,17]]}}}