{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:33:35Z","timestamp":1787009615764,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Applied Health Research and Care West"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NHS Health Checks is a national cardiovascular risk assessment and management programme in England. To improve equity of uptake in more deprived, and Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) communities, a novel telephone outreach intervention was developed. The outreach call included an invitation to an NHS Health Check appointment, lifestyle questions, and signposting to lifestyle services. We examined the experiences of staff delivering the intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 10 community Telephone Outreach Workers (TOWs) making outreach calls, and 5 Primary Care Practice (PCP) staff they liaised with. Normalization Process Theory was used to examine intervention implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Telephone outreach was perceived as effective in engaging patients in NHS Health Checks and could reduce related administration burdens on PCPs. Successful implementation was dependent on support from participating PCPs, and tensions between the intervention and other PCP priorities were identified. Some PCP staff lacked clarity regarding the intervention aim and this could reduce the potential to capitalize on TOWs\u2019 specialist skills.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To maximize the potential of telephone outreach to impact equity, purposeful recruitment and training of TOWs is vital, along with support and integration of TOWs, and the telephone outreach intervention, in participating PCPs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdz063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]],"date-time":"2019-05-15T15:19:00Z","timestamp":1557933540000},"page":"e198-e206","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Telephone outreach by community workers to improve uptake of NHS Health Checks in more deprived localities and minority ethnic groups: a qualitative investigation of implementation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2627-3843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T J","family":"Stone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, 9th Floor, Whitefriars, Lewins Mead, Bristol, UK"},{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Brangan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, 9th Floor, Whitefriars, Lewins Mead, Bristol, UK"},{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Chappell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health, Bristol City Council, City Hall, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Harrison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health, Bristol City Council, City Hall, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Horwood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, 9th Floor, Whitefriars, Lewins Mead, Bristol, UK"},{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C1","volume-title":"NHS Health Check Implementation Review and Action Plan","author":"Public Health England","year":"2013"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000320","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000320","article-title":"Will cardiovascular disease prevention widen health inequalities?","volume":"7","author":"Capewell","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C3","volume-title":"Response to Public Health England Consultation on \u2018NHS Health Check Programme: Priorities for Research\u2019","author":"Royal College of General Practitioners. Over Diagnosis Group","year":"2014"},{"issue":"11","key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e018606","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018606","article-title":"Views of commissioners, managers and healthcare professionals on the NHS Health Check programme: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Mills","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fds062","article-title":"Variations in the organization and delivery of the \u2018NHS health check\u2019 in primary care","volume":"35","author":"Nicholas","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Public Health"},{"key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmt002","article-title":"Uptake of the NHS Health Check programme in an urban setting","volume":"30","author":"Artac","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.05.022","article-title":"Coverage of a national cardiovascular risk assessment and management programme (NHS Health Check): retrospective database study","volume":"78","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-016-0303-2","article-title":"Who uses NHS health checks? Investigating the impact of ethnicity and gender and method of invitation on uptake of NHS health checks","volume":"15","author":"Cook","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C9","first-page":"8","article-title":"Implementation of NHS Health Checks in general practice: variation in delivery between practices and practitioners","volume":"17","author":"Krska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prim Health Care Res Dev"},{"key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e008840","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008840","article-title":"The NHS Health Check in England: an evaluation of the first 4 years","volume":"6","author":"Robson","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdv070","article-title":"Exploring equity in uptake of the NHS Health Check and a nested physical activity intervention trial","volume":"38","author":"Attwood","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Public Health (Oxf)"},{"key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C12","author":"Coghill","year":"2016"},{"key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-016-0426-y","article-title":"The effectiveness of an enhanced invitation letter on uptake of National Health Service Health Checks in primary care: A pragmatic quasi-randomised controlled trial","author":"Sallis","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C14","volume-title":"NHS Health Check Programme rapid evidence synthesis","author":"Usher-Smith","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-015-0365-z","article-title":"Lessons learned from England\u2019s Health Checks Programme: using qualitative research to identify and share best practice","volume":"16","author":"Ismail","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C16","author":"NHS Greenwich","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-015-1209-1","article-title":"The provision of NHS health checks in a community setting: An ethnographic account","volume":"15","author":"Riley","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr168","article-title":"Heart failure and socioeconomic status: Accumulating evidence of inequality","volume":"14","author":"Hawkins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"14","key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1999.1990","article-title":"Socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular disease mortality. An international study","volume":"21","author":"Mackenbach","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C20","volume-title":"Ethnic Diferences in Cardiovascular Disease","author":"Scarborough","year":"2010"},{"key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C21","article-title":"Patient experiences of telephone outreach to enhance uptake of NHS Health Checks in more deprived communities and minority ethnic groups: a qualitative interview study","author":"Brangan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Expect"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1177\/0038038509103208","article-title":"Implementation, embedding, and integration: an outline of Normalization Process Theory","volume":"43","author":"May","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sociology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-8-18","article-title":"Towards a general theory of implementation","volume":"8","author":"May","year":"2013","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C25","author":"Department for Communities and local government","year":"2015"},{"key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C26","volume-title":"Motivational Interviewing: Helping People Change","author":"Miller","year":"2012"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1017\/S1463423615000262","article-title":"Views of practice managers and general practitioners on implementing NHS Health Checks","volume":"17","author":"Krska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prim Health Care Res Dev"},{"key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(97)00208-6","article-title":"Community empowerment paradigm drift and the primary prevention of HIV\/AIDS","volume":"46","author":"Beeker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdu041","article-title":"Can lay health trainers increase uptake of NHS health checks in hard-to-reach populations? A mixed-method pilot evaluation","volume":"37","author":"Visram","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Public Health (Bangkok)"},{"key":"2020052704200572000_fdz063C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010951","article-title":"GPs\u2019 perspectives on managing the NHS Health Check in primary care: A qualitative evaluation of implementation in one area of England","volume":"6","author":"Shaw","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"}],"container-title":["Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article-pdf\/42\/2\/e198\/33294766\/fdz063.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article-pdf\/42\/2\/e198\/33294766\/fdz063.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]],"date-time":"2020-05-27T04:23:30Z","timestamp":1590553410000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article\/42\/2\/e198\/5514182"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,12]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pubmed\/fdz063","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-3842","1741-3850"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-3842","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3850","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,12]]}}}