{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T06:34:58Z","timestamp":1762324498701},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]],"date-time":"2019-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cholera globally affects 1.3\u20134.0 million people and causes 21 000\u2013143 000 deaths annually. In June 2017, a cluster of diarrhoeal illness occurred among participants of an international scientific conference at a hotel in Nairobi, Kenya. Culture confirmed Vibrio cholerae, serotype Ogawa. We investigated to assess magnitude, identify likely exposures and suggest control measures.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We carried out a retrospective cohort study utilizing a structured questionnaire administered by telephone, email and internet-based survey. We calculated food-specific attack rates, risk ratios and in a nested-case control analysis, performed logistic regression to identify exposures independently associated with the outbreak.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We interviewed 249 out of 456 conference attendees (response rate=54.6%). Mean age of respondents was 37.8 years, \u00b18.3 years, 131 (52.6%) were male. Of all the respondents, 137 (55.0%) were cases. Median incubation time was 35 (11\u201359) hours. Eating chicken (adjusted OR 2.49, 95% CI, 1.22\u20135.06) and having eaten lunch on Tuesday (adjusted OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.09\u20135.05) were independently associated with illness; drinking soda was protective (adjusted OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.07\u20130.42).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Point source outbreak, associated with chicken eaten at lunch on Tuesday 20th June 2017 occurred. We recommend better collaboration between the food and health sectors in food-borne outbreak investigations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdz078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]],"date-time":"2019-06-19T11:10:19Z","timestamp":1560942619000},"page":"e140-e144","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Cholera outbreak during a scientific conference at a Nairobi hotel, Kenya 2017"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Valerian","family":"Mwenda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Niyomwungere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya"},{"name":"Disease Surveillance and Response Unit, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elvis","family":"Oyugi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Githuku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Obonyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeinab","family":"Gura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2021060807493503200_fdz078C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003832","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003832","article-title":"Updated global burden of cholera in endemic countries","volume":"9","author":"Ali","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis [Internet]"},{"key":"2021060807493503200_fdz078C2","author":"Posny"},{"key":"2021060807493503200_fdz078C3","author":"WHO","year":"2016"},{"key":"2021060807493503200_fdz078C4","author":"WHO"},{"key":"2021060807493503200_fdz078C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2010.12.008","article-title":"Waterborne cholera outbreak following Cyclone Aila in Sundarban area of West Bengal, India, 2009 [Internet]","volume":"105","author":"Bhunia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2021060807493503200_fdz078C6","author":"Acquah"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021060807493503200_fdz078C7","first-page":"33","article-title":"The origin of the Haitian cholera outbreak strain","volume":"364","author":"Calderwood","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med [Internet]"},{"key":"2021060807493503200_fdz078C8","author":"World Health Organization"},{"issue":"SUPPL. 1","key":"2021060807493503200_fdz078C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit201","article-title":"National surveillance data on the epidemiology of cholera in Kenya, 1997\u20132010","volume":"208","author":"Mutonga","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dis [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021060807493503200_fdz078C10","first-page":"5","article-title":"The Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"27","author":"Muleme","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J [Internet]"},{"key":"2021060807493503200_fdz078C11","author":"Oyugi"},{"key":"2021060807493503200_fdz078C12","author":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)","year":"2016"},{"key":"2021060807493503200_fdz078C13","author":"Ghosh"},{"key":"2021060807493503200_fdz078C14","author":"Yasmin"},{"key":"2021060807493503200_fdz078C15","author":"Utsi"},{"key":"2021060807493503200_fdz078C16","author":"Mathewson"},{"key":"2021060807493503200_fdz078C17","author":"Business Daily"},{"key":"2021060807493503200_fdz078C18","author":"Almagro-Moreno"}],"container-title":["Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article-pdf\/43\/2\/e140\/38502604\/fdz078.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article-pdf\/43\/2\/e140\/38502604\/fdz078.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T08:17:03Z","timestamp":1623140223000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article\/43\/2\/e140\/5536116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pubmed\/fdz078","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-3842","1741-3850"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-3842","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3850","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]]}}}