{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T11:58:43Z","timestamp":1766663923692,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,4]],"date-time":"2019-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_UU_12017\/13","MC_UU_12017\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_12017\/13","MC_UU_12017\/15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000589","name":"Chief Scientist Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SPHSU13","SPHSU15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPHSU13","SPHSU15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000589","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chief Scientist Office Clinical Academic Fellowship","award":["CAF\/17\/11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAF\/17\/11"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mental wellbeing among people in prison is poorly studied, despite featuring in many health and justice policies. We aimed to describe for the first time mental wellbeing among an unselected national prison sample.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Since 2013, the Scottish Prisoner Survey\u2014a biennial survey of people in custody in Scotland\u2014has included the Warwick-Edinburgh mental wellbeing scale (WEMWBS), a 14-item scale with higher scores indicating greater wellbeing. We analysed data from sweeps in 2013 (n\u00a0=\u00a03158), 2015 (n\u00a0=\u00a02892) and 2017 (n\u00a0=\u00a02405) using Student\u2019s t-test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression. We also used WEMWBS data from the Scottish Health Survey stratified by age, gender and deprivation to compare with the population at liberty.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mean WEMWBS scores overall were 43.4 in 2013 (SD\u00a0=\u00a012.2), 41.8 (SD\u00a0=\u00a011.9) in 2015 and 41.2 (SD\u00a0=\u00a012.3) in 2017. Mean scores were lower among people on remand and with multiple prison episodes. Age-standardized mean scores were lower among people in prison than their peers at liberty.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Poor mental wellbeing is an important, under-studied facet of the extreme health inequalities associated with imprisonment. These results identify that people on remand or with multiple episodes are particularly disadvantaged and provide a baseline for monitoring impacts of service or policy interventions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdz106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,6]],"date-time":"2019-08-06T19:16:41Z","timestamp":1565119001000},"page":"e188-e195","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Mental wellbeing among people in prison in Scotland: an analysis of repeat cross-sectional surveys"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Emily J","family":"Tweed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G2 3AX, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xanthippi","family":"Gounari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Services Division, NHS National Services Scotland, Edinburgh EH12 9EB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lesley","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Services Division, NHS National Services Scotland, Edinburgh EH12 9EB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9968","key":"2021060807490895400_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61489-0","article-title":"Subjective wellbeing, health, and ageing","volume":"385","author":"Steptoe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021060807490895400_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31818105ba","article-title":"Positive psychological well-being and mortality: A quantitative review of prospective observational studies","volume":"70","author":"Chida","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021060807490895400_ref3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Happy people live longer: Subjective well-being contributes to health and longevity","volume":"3","author":"Diener","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl Psychol: Health Well-Being"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021060807490895400_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300918","article-title":"To flourish or not: Positive mental health and all-cause mortality","volume":"102","author":"Keyes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"volume-title":"Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS). 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