{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T16:32:52Z","timestamp":1770741172411,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004851","name":"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004851","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"NIEHS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES027022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES027022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Early intervention (EI) and special education (SE) are beneficial for children with developmental disabilities and\/or delays and their families, yet there are disparities in service use. We sought to identify the birth characteristics that predict EI\/SE service use patterns.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using linked administrative data from five sources for all children born in 1998 to New York City resident mothers. Multinomial regression was used to identify birth characteristics that predicted predominant patterns of service use.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Children with service use patterns characterized by late or limited\/no EI use were more likely to be first-born children and have Black or Latina mothers. Children born with a gestational age \u226431\u00a0weeks were more likely to enter services early. Early term gestational age was associated with patterns of service use common to children with pervasive developmental delay, and maternal obesity was associated with the initiation of speech therapy at the time of entry into school.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Maternal racial disparities existed for patterns of EI\/SE service use. Specific birth characteristics, such as parity and gestational age, may be useful to better identify children who are at risk for suboptimal EI use.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdz179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T12:11:50Z","timestamp":1575547910000},"page":"e401-e411","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Birth characteristics of children who used early intervention and special education services in New York City"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Matthew L","family":"Romo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Family and Child Health, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, 11101, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharine H","family":"McVeigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Family and Child Health, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, 11101, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phoebe","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanette A","family":"Stingone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pui Ying","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, 11101, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George L","family":"Askew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Family and Child Health, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, 11101, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020120619050301600_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1650","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3409","article-title":"The individuals with disabilities education act (IDEA) for children with special educational needs","volume":"136","author":"Lipkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"2020120619050301600_ref2","article-title":"The IEP","author":"NYC Department of Education"},{"key":"2020120619050301600_ref3","article-title":"The New York City early interevention program for babies and toddlers with developmental delays or disabilities","author":"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene","year":"2019"},{"key":"2020120619050301600_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1585","article-title":"Stability of diagnostic assessment for autism 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