{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T06:14:49Z","timestamp":1791180889989,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/93.10.647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T22:52:52Z","timestamp":1027723972000},"page":"647-654","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Snoring, sleep apnoea and stroke: chicken or scrambled egg?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"J.A.","family":"Harbison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.J.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Partinen M, Palomaki H. Snoring and cerebral infarction. Lancet1985; ii:1325\u20136.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92625-X"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spriggs DA, French JM, Murdy JM, Bates D, James OFW. Historical risk factors for stroke: a case control study. Age Ageing1990; 19:280\u20137.","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/19.5.280"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R3","unstructured":"Spriggs DA, French JM, Murdy JM, Curless RH, Bates D, James OFW. Snoring increases the risk of stroke and adversely affects prognosis. Q J Med1992; 83:555\u201362."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palomaki H. Snoring and the risk of ischemic brain infarction. Stroke1991; 22:1021\u20135.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.22.8.1021"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smirne S, Palazzi S, Zucconi M, Chierchia S, Ferini\u2010Strambi L. Habitual snoring as a risk factor for acute vascular disease. Eur Resp J1993; 6:1357\u201361.","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.93.06091357"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neau JP, Meurice JC, Paquereau J, Chavagnat JJ, Ingrand P, Gil R. Habitual snoring as a risk factor for brain infarction. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica1995; 92:63\u20138.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1995.tb00468.x"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waller PC, Bhopal RS. Is snoring a cause of vascular disease? An epidemiological review. Lancet1989; 335:143\u20136.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)91153-7"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Good DC, Henkle JQ, Gelber D, Welsh J, Verhulst S. Sleep\u2010disordered breathing and poor functional outcome after stroke. Stroke1996; 27:252\u20139.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.2.252"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dyken ME, Somers VK, Yamada T, Ren ZY, Zimmerman MB. Investigating the relationship between stroke and obstructive sleep apnoea. Stroke1996; 27:401\u20137.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.3.401"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bassetti C, Aldrich MS, Chervin RD, Quint D. Sleep apnoea in patients with transient ischemic attack and stroke. A prospective study of 59 patients. Neurology1996; 47:1167\u201372.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.5.1167"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bassetti C, Aldrich MS, Quint D. Sleep\u2010disordered breathing in patients with acute supra\u2010 and infratentorial strokes. A prospective study of 39 patients. Stroke1997; 28:1765\u201372.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.9.1765"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bassetti C, Aldrich MS. Sleep apnoea in acute cerebrovascular diseases; final report on 128 patients. Sleep1999; 22:217\u201323.","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/22.2.217"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R13","unstructured":"Davies DP, Oates J, Rodgers H, James OFW, Gibson GJ. Snoring and stroke: a case\u2010control study in first ever stroke. Am J Crit Care Med1997; 155:A846."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt\u2010Nowara WW, Coultas DB, Wiggins C, Skipper BE, Samet JM. Snoring in a Hispanic\u2010American population. Risk factors and association with hypertension and other morbidity. Arch Intern Med1990; 150:597\u2013601.","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1990.00390150089017"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koskenvuo M, Kaprio J, Telakivi T, Partinen M, Heikkila K, Sarna S. Snoring as a risk factor for ischaemic heart disease and stroke in men. Br Med J1987; 294:16\u201319.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.294.6563.16"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jennum P, Schultz\u2010Larsen K, Davidsen M, Christensen NJ. Snoring and risk of stroke and ischaemic heart disease in a 70 year old population. A 6\u2010year follow\u2010up study. Int J Epidemiol1994; 23:1159\u201364.","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/23.6.1159"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu FB, Willett WC, Maanson JE, Colditz GA, Rimm EB, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH, Stampfer MJ. Snoring and risk of cardiovascular disease in women. J Am Coll Cardiol2000; 35:308\u201313.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00540-9"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davies RJ, Crosby J, Vardi\u2010Visy K, Clarke M, Stradling JR. Non\u2010invasive beat to beat arterial blood pressure during non\u2010REM sleep in obstructive sleep apnoea and snoring. Thorax1994; 49:335\u20139.","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.49.4.335"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peppard PE, Young T, Palta M, Skatrud J. Prospective study of the association between sleep\u2010disordered breathing and hypertension. N Engl J Med2000; 342:1378\u201384.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005113421901"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Young T, Peppard P, Palta M, Hla KM, Finn L, Morgan B, Skatrud J. Population\u2010based study of sleep\u2010disordered breathing as a risk factor for hypertension. Arch Intern Med1997; 157:1746\u201352.","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440360178019"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brooks D, Horner RL, Kozar L, Render\u2010Teixeira CL, Phillipson EA. Obstructive sleep apnoea as a cause of systemic hypertension. Evidence from a canine model. J Clin Invest1997; 99:106\u20139.","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119120"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Netzer N, Werner P, Jochums I, Lehmen M, Strohl KP. Blood flow of the middle cerebral artery with sleep\u2010disordered breathing. Correlation with obstructive hypopnoeas. Stroke1998; 29:87\u201393.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.1.87"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eisensehr I, Ehrenberg BL, Noachtar S, Korbett K, Byrne A, McAuley A, Palabrica T. Platelet activation, epinephrine and blood pressure in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Neurology1998; 51:188\u201395.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.1.188"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chin K, Ohi M, Kita H, Noguchi T, Otsuka N, Tsuboi T, Mishima M, Kuno K. Effects of NCPAP therapy on fibrinogen levels in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med1996; 153:1972\u20136.","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.6.8665063"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R25","unstructured":"Davies DP, Oates J, Rodgers H, James OFW, Gibson GJ. Is haemorrhagic stroke more common in snorers? Cerebrovas Dis1996; 6(Suppl. 2):110\u201311."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aber WR, Block AJ, Hellard DW, Webb WB. Consistency of respiratory measurements from night to night during the sleep of elderly men. Chest1989; 96:747\u201351.","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.96.4.747"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hachinski VC, Mamelak M, Norris JW. Clinical recovery and sleep architecture degradation. Can J Neurol Sci1990; 17:332\u20135.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100030699"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giubilei F, Iannilli M, Vitale A, Pierallini A, Sacchetti ML, Antonini G, Fieschi C. Sleep patterns in acute ischemic stroke. Acta Neurol Scand1992; 86:567\u201371.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05488.x"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gasanov RL, Gitlevich TR, Lesnyak VN, Levin YI. Structure of nocturnal sleep in patients with cerebral insult. Neurosci Behav Physiol1998; 28:325\u20139.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02462964"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Korner E, Flooh E, Reinhart B, Wolf R, Ott E, Krenn W, Lechner H. Sleep alterations in ischemic stroke. Eur Neurol1986; 25(Suppl. 2):104\u201310.","DOI":"10.1159\/000116090"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohsenin V, Valor R. Sleep apnoea in patients with hemispheric stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil1995; 76:71\u20136.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(95)80046-8"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R32","unstructured":"Kapen S, Goldberg J, Wynter J. The incidence and severity of obstructive sleep apnoea in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Neurology1991; 41 (Suppl. 1):125."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R33","unstructured":"Davies DP, Oates J, Close P, Rodgers H, James OFW, Gibson GJ. Is obstructive sleep apnoea associated with stroke? Eur Respir J1997; 10(suppl. 25):135."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wessendorf TE, Teschler H, Wang YM, Konietzko N, Thilmann AF. Sleep\u2010disordered breathing among patients with first\u2010ever stroke. J Neurol2000; 247:41\u20137.","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00007787"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R35","unstructured":"Harbison JA, James OFW, Gibson GJ, Ford GA. Sleep apnoea following stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis2000; 10(suppl. 2): 7."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petty GW, Brown RD, Whisnant JP, Sicks JD, O'Fallon WM, Wiebers DO. Ischemic stroke subtypes: A population\u2010based study of incidence and risk factors. Stroke1999; 30: 2513\u201316.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.12.2513"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Desmond DW, Tetemichi TK, Figueroa M, Gropen TI, Stern Y. Disorientation following stroke: frequency, course and clinical correlates. J Neurol1994; 241:585\u201391.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00920621"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parra O, Arboix A, Bechich S, Garcia\u2010Eroles L, Monserrat J, Lopez JA, Ballester E, Guerra JM, Sopena JJ. Time course of sleep\u2010related breathing disorders in first\u2010ever stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Am J Respir Crit Care Med2000; 161:375\u201380.","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.2.9903139"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laloux P, Jamart J, Meurisse H, De Coster P, Laterre C. Persisting perfusion deficit in transient ischaemic attacks: a new clinically useful group? Stroke1996; 27:425\u201330.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.3.425"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koudstaal PJ, van Gijn J, Frenken CW, Hijdra A, Lodder J, Vermeulen M, Bulens C, Franke CL. TIA, RIND, minor stroke: a continuum, or different subgroups? Dutch TIA Study Group. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry1992; 55:95\u20137.","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.2.95"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J, Skatrud J, Weber S, Badr S. The occurrence of sleep disordered breathing among middle aged adults. N Engl J Med1993; 328:1230\u20135.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199304293281704"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ancoli\u2010Israel S, Kripke DF, Klauber MR, Mason WJ, Fell R, Kaplan O. Sleep\u2010disordered breathing in community dwelling elderly. Sleep1991; 14:486\u201395.","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.486"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hudgel DW, Devadatta P, Quadri M, Sioson ER, Hamilton H. Mechanism of sleep\u2010induced periodic breathing in convalescing stroke patients and healthy elderly subjects. Chest1993; 104:1503\u201310.","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.5.1503"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Block AJ, Faulkner JA, Hughes RL, Remmers JE, Thach B. Factors influencing upper airway closure. Chest1984; 86:114\u201322.","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.86.1.114"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White JES, Drinnan MJ, Smithson, AJ Griffiths CJ, Gibson GJ. Respiratory muscle activity during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax1995; 50:376\u201382.","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.50.4.376"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170413030537_R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White JES, Drinnan MJ, Smithson AJ, Griffiths CJ, Gibson GJ. Respiratory muscle activity during sleep in patients with muscle weakness. Eur Respir J1995; 8:807\u201314.","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08050807"}],"container-title":["QJM: An International Journal of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/qjmed\/article-pdf\/93\/10\/647\/12817606\/930647.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]],"date-time":"2023-04-23T04:46:53Z","timestamp":1682225213000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/qjmed\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/qjmed\/93.10.647"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/qjmed\/93.10.647","relation":{},"ISSN":["1460-2393","1460-2725"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1460-2393","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1460-2725","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]}}}