{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T07:59:22Z","timestamp":1771919962308,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We aim to study the relationship between vitamin D level, risk and severity of Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) infection in pediatric population through systematic review. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar from December 2019 to June 2021 for retrieving articles studying association between vitamin D deficiencies with COVID-19. Qualitative details were synthesized in evidence table and quantitative data was used for deriving pooled estimate through meta-analysis. After initial search of 2261 articles, eight eligible studies (two reviews) were included in the systematic review. Meta-analysis of the quantitative data (six studies) showed pooled prevalence of vitamin D deficiency as 45.91% (95% CI: 25.148\u201367.450). In infected pediatric patients, low levels of vitamin D increased the risk of severe disease (odds ratio\u20135.5; 95% CI: 1.560\u201319.515; P\u2009=\u20090.008). It was also found that children and adolescents having vitamin D deficiency had greater risk of COVID infection as compared to patients with normal vitamin D levels. Improvement in disease severity with vitamin D supplementation was also noted. The systematic review showed that almost half of the pediatric COVID patients suffer from vitamin D deficiency. It is also clear that the low level of vitamin D is associated with greater risk of infection and poorer outcome in pediatrics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcab202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T19:32:11Z","timestamp":1626809531000},"page":"447-453","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Low vitamin D levels and prognosis in a COVID-19 pediatric population: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"K","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Public Health, Opp. Air Force Head Quarters, Nr. Lekawada Bus Stop, Chiloda Road, Gandhinagar 382042, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V P","family":"Varna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Public Health, Opp. Air Force Head Quarters, Nr. Lekawada Bus Stop, Chiloda Road, Gandhinagar 382042, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Pandya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Public Health, Opp. Air Force Head Quarters, Nr. Lekawada Bus Stop, Chiloda Road, Gandhinagar 382042, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Public Health, Opp. Air Force Head Quarters, Nr. Lekawada Bus Stop, Chiloda Road, Gandhinagar 382042, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021110611401153400_hcab202-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-00435-4","article-title":"COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: from pathophysiology to clinical management","volume":"17","author":"Lim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"2021110611401153400_hcab202-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1007\/s42399-020-00363-4","article-title":"Comorbidity and its impact on patients with COVID-19","volume":"2","author":"Sanyaolu","year":"2020","journal-title":"SN Compr Clin Med"},{"key":"2021110611401153400_hcab202-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1678S","article-title":"Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease","volume":"80","author":"Holick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2021110611401153400_hcab202-B4","first-page":"76","article-title":"S100 Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of aggregate data from randomised controlled trials. 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